Amertoy
Breed Description

The Amertoy is also known by several other names including the American Toy Terrier, TFT, and simply Toy Fox. Some enthusiasts refer to them as the Ameritoy or American Toy Fox Terrier. In certain regions, particularly in the southern United States where the breed was initially developed, they're sometimes called the "Little Farm Dog" due to their historical role as ratters on farms.

The Amertoy represents a remarkable achievement in American dog breeding, combining the tenacious spirit of terriers with the refined elegance of toy breeds. This diminutive powerhouse stands as a testament to careful selective breeding, merging the best qualities of its foundation breeds into a compact, athletic package that continues to captivate dog enthusiasts worldwide. Despite their small stature, these dogs possess an outsized personality that makes them unforgettable companions.

Physically, the Amertoy presents a square, well-balanced silhouette that immediately catches the eye. Their body is compact yet athletic, with clean lines that speak to their terrier heritage. The breed's distinctive head is elegant and refined, featuring a moderate stop and well-defined features. Their V-shaped ears stand erect, giving them an alert, intelligent expression that perfectly captures their curious nature. The eyes are dark, round, and full of expression, conveying both the breed's intelligence and their readiness for adventure.

The Amertoy's coat is one of their most practical features - short, fine, and satiny to the touch, requiring minimal grooming while maintaining an attractive appearance. The predominant color pattern features a white body with a predominantly colored head, though variations exist within breed standards. This distinctive coloring, combined with their proud carriage and animated movement, creates an unmistakable presence that belies their diminutive size.

The temperament of the Amertoy perfectly embodies the phrase "big dog in a small package." These spirited little dogs possess confidence that far exceeds their physical dimensions. They approach life with enthusiasm and curiosity, always ready for the next adventure whether it's a walk around the neighborhood or a challenging agility course. Their terrier heritage shines through in their fearless attitude and determination, while their toy breed refinement adds a touch of elegance to their demeanor.

Intelligence is one of the Amertoy's defining characteristics. These quick-thinking canines excel at problem-solving and can learn new commands with remarkable speed. Their keen minds require regular mental stimulation to prevent boredom, which can lead to unwanted behaviors. Puzzle toys, training sessions, and interactive games help keep their active brains engaged and satisfied. This intelligence, combined with their eager-to-please nature, makes them excellent candidates for various dog sports and activities despite their small size.

The breed's adaptability is truly remarkable. Amertoys can thrive in a variety of living situations, from small city apartments to sprawling rural properties. Their compact size makes them ideal for urban living, yet their terrier instincts and energy levels mean they equally enjoy having space to explore and patrol. They adjust well to their owner's lifestyle, whether that means being a lap dog during quiet evenings or an active companion on outdoor adventures.

Socialization plays a crucial role in developing a well-rounded Amertoy. Early exposure to various people, animals, and environments helps ensure they grow into confident, well-adjusted adults. While naturally friendly, they can sometimes exhibit the typical terrier tendency toward assertiveness with other dogs, particularly those much larger than themselves. Proper socialization helps channel this confidence in positive directions and prevents the development of small dog syndrome.

The Amertoy's exercise needs are moderate but important. While they don't require the extensive exercise of larger working breeds, they do need regular physical activity to maintain their health and happiness. Daily walks, play sessions, and mental stimulation through training or puzzle toys usually suffice. Their small size makes indoor play a viable option during inclement weather, though they genuinely enjoy outdoor adventures when properly protected from extreme temperatures.

American Kennel Club (AKC)

General Appearance: The Toy Fox Terrier is truly a toy and a terrier and both have influenced his personality and character. As a terrier, the Toy Fox Terrier possesses keen intelligence, courage, and animation. As a toy his is diminutive, and devoted with an endless abiding love for his master. The Toy Fox Terrier is a well-balanced Toy dog of athletic appearance displaying grace and agility in equal measure with strength and stamina. His lithe muscular body has a smooth elegant outline which conveys the impression of effortless movement and endless endurance. He is naturally well groomed, proud, animated, and alert. Characteristic traits are his elegant head, his short glossy and predominantly white coat, coupled with a predominantly solid head, and his short high-set tail.

Size, Proportion, Substance: Size - 8.5 to 11.5 inches, 9 to 11 preferred. Proportion - The Toy Fox Terrier is square in proportion, with height being approximately equal to length; with height measured from withers to ground and length measured from point of shoulder to buttocks. Slightly longer in bitches is acceptable. Substance - Bone must be strong, but not excessive and always in proportion to size. Overall balance is important.

Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI)

The FCI does not currently recognize the Toy Fox Terrier/Amertoy as a separate breed, as it is primarily an American breed developed in the United States. The breed is not included in the FCI nomenclature, though some international kennel clubs affiliated with the FCI may accept them for competition under special provisions or in open classes.

United Kennel Club (UKC)

The goals and purposes of this breed standard include: to furnish guidelines for breeders who wish to maintain the quality of their breed and to improve it; to advance this breed to a state of similarity throughout the world; and to act as a guide for judges. The Toy Fox Terrier is a small, athletic toy dog that has the appearance of grace and agility in equal balance with strength and stamina. The body is compact, with a short, glossy, predominantly white coat. The head is elegant with no indication of coarseness. The Toy Fox Terrier is spirited and determined, yet loyal and affectionate. They are animated and comical, entertaining and charming. Most are peaceful, though not timid, with other pets and get along well with other dogs.

Other Organizations

The American Toy Fox Terrier Club (ATFTC) maintains the original breed standard that emphasizes the breed's dual nature as both toy and terrier. The National Toy Fox Terrier Association (NTFTA) also maintains detailed standards focusing on the breed's working ability despite its toy classification. The Continental Kennel Club recognizes the breed with standards similar to the UKC, emphasizing the breed's versatility and companion qualities.

The Amertoy's history is deeply rooted in American agricultural heritage, beginning in the early 20th century when small farms across the United States required efficient ratters that could also serve as companions. The breed's development represents a uniquely American story of practical breeding combined with an appreciation for companionship. Unlike many toy breeds that were developed purely for companionship among nobility, the Amertoy emerged from working-class needs, creating a dog that could earn its keep while also warming hearts.

The foundation of the Amertoy breed began with the Smooth Fox Terrier, a British breed that had gained popularity in America during the late 1800s. American farmers and ranchers valued these terriers for their exceptional ratting abilities and fearless nature. However, occasionally smaller puppies would appear in Smooth Fox Terrier litters. Rather than viewing these as undesirable, American breeders recognized their potential. These smaller terriers retained all the hunting instinct and intelligence of their larger siblings while being more economical to keep and easier to house.

During the 1920s and 1930s, dedicated breeders began intentionally developing these smaller terriers into a distinct breed. They introduced carefully selected crosses with other toy breeds, including the Miniature Pinscher and possibly the Italian Greyhound and Manchester Terrier. These crosses were not random but carefully planned to reduce size while maintaining the terrier temperament and adding refinement to the breed's appearance. The Chihuahua was also used selectively to further reduce size and add the distinctive apple-shaped head that became a breed characteristic.

The development process was methodical and took several decades. Breeders worked to stabilize the breed's characteristics, ensuring consistent size, temperament, and appearance. They faced the challenge of maintaining the terrier's working ability while creating a dog small enough to be classified as a toy breed. This delicate balance required careful selection and dedication to the breeding program. The result was a breed that could clear a barn of vermin in the morning and curl up in their owner's lap in the evening.

The United Kennel Club became the first major registry to recognize the breed in 1936, acknowledging the Amertoy as a distinct breed separate from the Smooth Fox Terrier. This recognition was a significant milestone that validated the years of careful breeding work. The UKC's recognition helped establish breeding standards and provided a framework for the breed's continued development. It also opened doors for the breed to compete in organized dog shows and events, increasing their visibility and popularity.

World War II had a significant impact on dog breeding in America, and the Amertoy was no exception. Many breeding programs were interrupted or abandoned as resources became scarce and breeders joined the war effort. However, the breed's practical nature and small size actually helped it survive this difficult period better than some larger breeds. Amertoys required less food and space, making them easier to maintain during wartime rationing. Dedicated breeders managed to preserve quality breeding stock, ensuring the breed's survival through this challenging era.

The post-war period saw a resurgence in the breed's popularity. As America entered an era of suburban expansion, the Amertoy's adaptability made them ideal pets for the changing American lifestyle. They were small enough for the new suburban homes yet retained enough of their terrier heritage to serve as effective watchdogs. The breed's intelligence and trainability also made them popular in the emerging sport of dog agility and obedience competitions.

The American Kennel Club's recognition came much later, not officially accepting the breed until 2003. This long journey to AKC recognition was due to various factors, including debates about breed standards and concerns about maintaining the breed's unique characteristics. The AKC recognition was a major achievement for breed enthusiasts and opened new opportunities for the breed in the show ring and competitive events. It also helped standardize breeding practices and ensure the breed's long-term viability.

Throughout their history, Amertoys have served in various roles beyond their original purpose as farm ratters. They became popular circus performers in the mid-20th century, their intelligence and trainability making them natural entertainers. Some were used as hearing dogs for the deaf, their alert nature and small size making them ideal service animals for certain situations. During the Great Depression, their small size and modest food requirements made them one of the few breeds that families could afford to keep, further cementing their place in American hearts.

The breed's development also reflects changing attitudes toward dogs in American society. As the country shifted from a primarily agricultural economy to an industrial and then service-based economy, the Amertoy successfully transitioned from working farm dog to beloved companion. This adaptability speaks to the foresight of early breeders who recognized that a dog's value extended beyond its working ability to include companionship and emotional support.

Today, the Amertoy continues to evolve while maintaining its essential characteristics. Modern breeding programs focus on health, temperament, and maintaining the breed's unique combination of terrier spirit and toy breed charm. The breed has spread beyond American borders, gaining popularity in other countries, though it remains most common in its homeland. Breed clubs work diligently to preserve the breed's heritage while addressing modern health concerns through genetic testing and responsible breeding practices.

The Amertoy's functional versatility stands as one of the breed's most remarkable attributes, encompassing roles that span from practical working dog to cherished companion. Originally developed as efficient ratters on American farms, these diminutive terriers proved that size was no barrier to effectiveness. Their primary function was controlling rodent populations in barns, feed stores, and homes, where their small size allowed them to pursue prey into spaces larger dogs couldn't access. This practical application of their hunting instincts made them invaluable on small farms and homesteads throughout rural America.

In their capacity as vermin controllers, Amertoys demonstrated remarkable efficiency. Their terrier instincts remain strong even in modern specimens, with many displaying an intense prey drive when encountering small animals. This hunting ability wasn't limited to rats and mice; they also proved effective against snakes, making them valuable in regions where venomous species posed threats to livestock and humans. Their quick reflexes, fearless nature, and tenacious spirit made them formidable opponents despite their diminutive stature.

Beyond their working capabilities, Amertoys excel as companion animals, a function that has become their primary role in contemporary society. Their small size makes them ideal for various living situations, from studio apartments to large estates. They form intense bonds with their owners, displaying loyalty and devotion that rivals breeds many times their size. This companionship function extends to their role as emotional support animals, where their intuitive nature and sensitivity to human emotions make them excellent at providing comfort and reducing anxiety.

The breed's alertness and vocal nature have made them exceptional watchdogs, a function they perform with enthusiasm. While they cannot physically deter intruders like larger guard dogs, their keen senses and willingness to sound alarms make them effective early warning systems. Many Amertoy owners report that their dogs can distinguish between regular visitors and strangers, adjusting their response accordingly. This discriminating watchdog ability, combined with their small size, makes them ideal for people who need security awareness without the space or resources for a large guard dog.

In modern times, Amertoys have found new functions in competitive dog sports. Their intelligence, athleticism, and eagerness to please make them surprisingly competitive in agility trials, where they navigate obstacle courses with speed and precision. They also excel in obedience competitions, rally obedience, and even barn hunt events that simulate their original ratting function. These activities provide mental and physical stimulation while strengthening the bond between dog and handler.

The breed has also proven valuable in therapeutic settings. Their small size and gentle nature with familiar people make them excellent therapy dogs for nursing homes, hospitals, and schools. They can easily sit on laps or beds, providing comfort to patients without causing discomfort or taking up excessive space. Their playful nature and amusing antics often bring smiles to people in difficult circumstances, fulfilling an important emotional support function in institutional settings.

Some Amertoys serve as medical alert dogs, particularly for conditions like diabetes or seizure disorders. Their intelligence and trainability, combined with their strong bond with their owners, enable them to learn to detect changes in blood sugar levels or recognize pre-seizure symptoms. While not as common as larger service dog breeds, their small size can be advantageous for people who travel frequently or have limited living space.

In entertainment, Amertoys have a storied history as circus and performance dogs. Their intelligence, trainability, and natural showmanship made them popular in traveling shows and exhibitions. They could learn complex tricks and routines, entertaining audiences with their agility and personality. While circus acts featuring animals have largely disappeared, some Amertoys still work in entertainment, appearing in commercials, movies, and television shows where small, trainable dogs are needed.

The behavioral profile of the Amertoy reflects a fascinating blend of terrier tenacity and toy breed affection, creating a complex and engaging personality that continually surprises and delights their owners. These dogs exhibit a confidence that seems completely unaware of their small stature, approaching the world with the self-assurance of a much larger dog. This "big dog" mentality is not mere bravado but a genuine expression of their terrier heritage, manifesting in fearless exploration and unwavering determination when pursuing goals.

Intelligence shapes much of the Amertoy's behavior, influencing how they interact with their environment and the people around them. They are quick learners who rapidly understand household routines and often anticipate their owners' actions. This intelligence can manifest as problem-solving behavior, sometimes to their owners' chagrin when they figure out how to access forbidden areas or manipulate situations to their advantage. They often display an almost human-like understanding of cause and effect, using this knowledge to train their humans as effectively as they themselves are trained.

Socially, Amertoys typically display a friendly but discerning nature. They tend to be outgoing with family members and regular visitors but may show initial reserve with strangers. This reservation usually manifests as watchful observation rather than fear or aggression. Once they determine a new person is acceptable, they often become friendly and may even seek attention. However, they generally maintain stronger bonds with their primary family members, showing clear preferences in their affections.

The breed's play behavior is particularly noteworthy, combining elements of both their terrier and toy heritage. They engage in typical terrier play patterns, including vigorous shaking of toys (mimicking the killing shake used on prey), digging behaviors, and chase games. Yet they also display toy breed characteristics in their play, such as gentle interaction with favored humans and an appreciation for comfort items like soft toys and blankets. Their play remains enthusiastic well into their senior years, though the intensity may moderate with age.

Territorial behavior in Amertoys is pronounced but generally manageable. They often establish favorite spots in the home and may guard these locations, particularly from other pets. This territoriality extends to their toys, food, and especially their humans. While not typically aggressive, they will assert themselves if they feel their resources or space are threatened. Early training and socialization help channel this territorial instinct appropriately, preventing it from developing into problematic resource guarding.

Communication is a strong behavioral trait in the breed. Amertoys are notably vocal, using different barks, whines, and even grumbles to express various needs and emotions. They quickly learn that vocalizations get attention and may become demanding if this behavior is inadvertently reinforced. Many owners report that their Amertoys seem to "talk" to them, using specific sounds for specific situations. This vocal nature makes them excellent watchdogs but requires management in apartment settings where excessive barking might disturb neighbors.

The breed displays interesting behavioral adaptations to weather and environmental conditions. Despite their short coat, many Amertoys show remarkable tolerance for cold weather during active play, though they seek warmth when resting. They often burrow under blankets or seek sunny spots in the home, displaying an almost cat-like appreciation for comfort. In hot weather, they typically self-regulate their activity levels, seeking shade and water when needed.

Anxiety-related behaviors can emerge in Amertoys, particularly separation anxiety given their strong bonds with their owners. This may manifest as destructive behavior, excessive vocalization, or house soiling when left alone. However, with proper training and gradual conditioning to alone time, most Amertoys learn to cope with reasonable periods of separation. Providing mental stimulation through puzzle toys and establishing consistent routines helps minimize anxiety-related issues.

The hunting and prey drive behaviors remain strong in many Amertoys, influencing their interactions with smaller animals and their response to movement. They may chase birds, squirrels, or even leaves blowing in the wind. This instinctive behavior requires management, particularly in off-leash situations where they might pursue prey without regard for safety. Indoor manifestations might include stalking and pouncing on toys or investigating every small sound that might indicate the presence of prey.

Sleep behaviors in Amertoys often amuse their owners. Despite their energetic nature when awake, they are champion nappers who seek out the most comfortable spots in the home. Many display a preference for sleeping under covers or in enclosed spaces, possibly a denning instinct from their terrier heritage. They often adjust their sleep schedules to match their owners', being active when the family is active and settling when the household is quiet.

The Amertoy's integration into family life represents one of their greatest strengths as a breed, demonstrating remarkable adaptability to various household compositions and lifestyles. These versatile companions form deep, meaningful relationships with family members while maintaining their independent terrier spirit. Their small size combined with their robust personality creates a unique dynamic where they can physically fit into any living space while filling it with their oversized presence and charm.

Within the family hierarchy, Amertoys often position themselves as central figures despite their diminutive stature. They typically develop strongest bonds with one or two family members while maintaining affectionate relationships with all. This primary bonding doesn't indicate aloofness toward others; rather, it reflects their discerning nature and ability to recognize their primary caregivers. They often shadow their favored person throughout the home, earning them the nickname "velcro dogs" among enthusiasts.

The breed's interaction with children requires thoughtful consideration and proper management. Amertoys can be wonderful companions for children who understand how to interact gently with small dogs. Their playful nature and energy levels often match well with older children who can engage in appropriate games and activities. However, their small size makes them vulnerable to unintentional injury from young children who haven't yet developed careful handling skills. Families with toddlers must provide constant supervision and teach both dog and child appropriate interaction boundaries.

Multi-pet households present interesting dynamics for Amertoys. They generally coexist well with other dogs, particularly when raised together from puppyhood. However, their terrier nature may lead them to assert dominance over larger dogs, creating amusing but potentially problematic situations. With cats, relationships vary greatly depending on individual personalities and early socialization. Some Amertoys become best friends with feline housemates, while others maintain a respectful distance. Small pets like hamsters, rabbits, or birds may trigger prey drive, requiring careful management and separation.

The Amertoy's role in single-person households deserves special attention. For individuals living alone, these dogs provide companionship that goes beyond simple pet ownership. They become confidants, exercise partners, and sources of routine and purpose. Their size makes them ideal for seniors or people with mobility limitations who might struggle with larger breeds. The emotional support they provide can be particularly valuable for people dealing with isolation, depression, or anxiety.

In active families, Amertoys demonstrate surprising versatility. While they don't require extensive exercise like larger sporting breeds, they enthusiastically participate in family activities. They enjoy walks, hikes (with appropriate distance considerations), and even camping trips when properly equipped for weather conditions. Their portability means they can accompany families on various outings where larger dogs might be impractical. This adaptability strengthens family bonds as the dog becomes part of shared experiences and memories.

The breed's impact on family routines is notable. Amertoys thrive on consistency and quickly establish patterns around feeding times, walks, and play sessions. This need for routine can benefit families by providing structure, particularly for children learning responsibility through pet care duties. However, their intelligence means they also notice and may react to disruptions in routine, sometimes displaying anxiety or attention-seeking behaviors during times of change.

Working families find Amertoys generally adaptable to various schedules, though the breed does best when not left alone for extended periods. Many successfully manage work schedules by providing midday breaks, either through family members with different schedules or professional dog walking services. The breed's small size makes them suitable for dog-friendly offices where their presence is often welcomed due to their generally quiet and well-mannered nature when properly trained.

During family gatherings and social events, Amertoys often assume the role of social facilitators. Their charming personalities and amusing antics frequently become conversation starters, helping to ease social tensions and create positive atmospheres. However, their territorial nature may emerge during large gatherings, requiring management to prevent overwhelming or defensive behaviors. Some individuals relish being the center of attention at parties, while others prefer to observe from a secure position near their primary person.

The financial dynamics of Amertoy ownership generally favor families with various budgets. Their small size translates to lower costs for food, medication (dosed by weight), and supplies compared to larger breeds. However, families should be prepared for potential dental care costs common in small breeds and possible expenses related to luxating patellas or other breed-specific health concerns. Many families find the emotional value far exceeds any financial investment required for proper care.

Generational dynamics within families often center around Amertoys, with these dogs serving as bridges between age groups. Grandparents may find common ground with grandchildren through shared affection for the family dog. The breed's longevity means they often witness children growing from infancy to adolescence, becoming integral parts of childhood memories and family stories. This continuity provides emotional stability during family transitions and changes.

The Amertoy generally enjoys robust health and longevity, with many individuals living well into their teens when provided with proper care and preventive veterinary attention. Their development from hardy farm dogs has contributed to a relatively sound genetic foundation, though like all purebred dogs, they have certain predispositions that responsible owners should monitor. Understanding these health considerations enables owners to provide optimal care and potentially prevent or manage conditions before they become serious concerns.

The breed's small size contributes both advantages and challenges to their health profile. Their lighter body weight places less stress on joints compared to larger breeds, potentially reducing the incidence of hip dysplasia and severe arthritis. However, their delicate bone structure makes them more susceptible to injuries from falls or rough handling. Owners must remain vigilant about preventing jumping from heights and ensuring safe environments that minimize injury risks.

Dental health represents a significant concern for Amertoys, as is common in many toy breeds. Their small mouths often lead to overcrowding of teeth, creating ideal conditions for plaque accumulation and periodontal disease. Regular dental care, including professional cleanings and daily tooth brushing, is essential for maintaining oral health and preventing secondary complications such as heart disease linked to dental bacteria. Some individuals may require tooth extractions as they age to maintain comfort and prevent infection.

Metabolic and endocrine health in Amertoys requires attention throughout their lives. Their small size and high metabolism mean they can be prone to hypoglycemia, particularly as puppies or during periods of stress or illness. Owners must ensure regular feeding schedules and monitor for signs of low blood sugar, such as weakness, confusion, or seizures. As they age, some individuals may develop hypothyroidism or diabetes, conditions that are manageable with proper veterinary care and medication.

Reproductive health considerations are important for breeding animals and pets alike. Female Amertoys may experience difficulty with natural delivery due to their small size, sometimes requiring cesarean sections. Responsible breeders carefully evaluate breeding pairs and monitor pregnancies closely. For pet owners, early spaying or neutering can prevent various health issues, including certain cancers and pyometra in females, though timing should be discussed with a veterinarian to ensure optimal development.

The breed's skin and coat health generally remains good with minimal grooming requirements. However, some individuals may develop allergies manifesting as skin irritation, excessive scratching, or ear infections. These allergies might be environmental (pollen, dust mites) or food-related, requiring investigation and management strategies. Their short coat offers little protection from sun exposure, making sunburn a concern for dogs with light-colored skin, particularly on the ears and nose.

Cardiovascular health in Amertoys typically remains stable throughout most of their lives, though aging individuals may develop heart murmurs or mitral valve disease. Regular veterinary examinations including cardiac auscultation help detect early changes, allowing for timely intervention. Some bloodlines may show higher incidences of congenital heart conditions, emphasizing the importance of obtaining puppies from breeders who conduct appropriate health testing.

Eye health deserves attention in the breed, with several conditions occasionally observed. Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), while not common, can occur and leads to eventual blindness. Cataracts may develop in aging dogs, though surgical correction is possible in appropriate candidates. Regular eye examinations, particularly in breeding animals, help identify and prevent the propagation of hereditary eye conditions.

Nutritional health management is crucial for Amertoys throughout their lives. Their small size means even slight weight gains represent significant percentage increases in body mass, potentially stressing joints and organs. Conversely, their high metabolism and small stomach capacity require nutrient-dense foods fed in appropriate portions. Owners must balance treating and training rewards with overall caloric intake to maintain optimal body condition.

Mental health and cognitive function deserve consideration, particularly in senior Amertoys. The breed's intelligence and active nature mean they may be more susceptible to anxiety and stress-related conditions if their mental needs aren't met. In old age, some individuals may develop canine cognitive dysfunction, similar to dementia in humans. Maintaining mental stimulation throughout life and recognizing early signs of cognitive decline enable better management of these conditions.

Preventive care strategies significantly impact Amertoy health outcomes. Regular veterinary check-ups, typically twice yearly for adults and more frequently for puppies and seniors, enable early detection of developing conditions. Maintaining appropriate vaccination schedules, parasite prevention, and dental care routines form the foundation of good health. Additionally, providing safe exercise opportunities, mental stimulation, and a stable, stress-free environment contributes to both physical and psychological well-being throughout the Amertoy's life.

If you're looking to adopt an American Toy Terrier, consider contacting these breed-specific rescue organizations:

"Don't Shop... Please Adopt" - There are many wonderful American Toy Terriers waiting for their forever homes.