Akitas are generally hardy dogs with a lifespan of 10 to 13 years, which is reasonable for their size. Like all large breeds, they face certain health challenges that prospective owners should understand and responsible breeders should screen for to maintain and improve breed health. Regular veterinary care, proper nutrition, appropriate exercise, and attention to early signs of problems help maximize both lifespan and quality of life.
Hip dysplasia is a developmental orthopedic condition affecting many large breeds including Akitas. The hip joint forms improperly, creating instability that leads to arthritis and pain. Affected dogs may show lameness, difficulty rising, reluctance to climb stairs, or decreased activity. While genetics play a significant role, environmental factors including rapid growth, excessive exercise during development, and obesity also contribute. Screening breeding stock through hip radiographs evaluated by organizations like OFA or PennHIP helps reduce incidence. Maintaining lean body weight and providing joint supplements may help affected dogs live comfortably.
Gastric dilatation-volvulus, commonly called bloat, poses a life-threatening emergency for Akitas due to their deep chest conformation. The stomach fills with gas and may twist, cutting off blood flow and quickly leading to shock and death without immediate veterinary intervention. Signs include restlessness, unsuccessful vomiting attempts, rapid breathing, and abdominal distension. Risk factors include eating large meals quickly, exercising immediately after eating, and genetic predisposition. Feed multiple smaller meals daily, use slow-feed bowls, avoid exercise within two hours of meals, and consider prophylactic gastropexy surgery, particularly if breeding the dog.
Progressive retinal atrophy causes gradual vision loss leading to blindness. Several forms affect Akitas, with symptoms typically appearing in middle age. Affected dogs first experience night blindness, showing reluctance to go outside after dark or navigate in dim lighting. As the condition progresses, they lose vision in bright light as well. No treatment currently exists, though affected dogs typically adapt well to blindness when kept in familiar environments. Genetic testing for some PRA forms allows breeders to make informed breeding decisions. Annual eye examinations by veterinary ophthalmologists help detect problems early.
Hypothyroidism, an underactive thyroid gland, occurs with some frequency in Akitas. Symptoms include weight gain despite normal appetite, lethargy, hair loss, skin problems, and cold intolerance. Diagnosis requires blood testing to measure thyroid hormone levels. Treatment involves daily thyroid hormone replacement medication, which is inexpensive and effective. Dogs on proper supplementation live normal, healthy lives. Regular monitoring through blood tests ensures correct dosage as needs may change over time.
Sebaceous adenitis is an inherited skin condition affecting some Akitas, causing inflammation and destruction of sebaceous glands. Symptoms include dry, scaly skin, hair loss, and a musty odor. The condition can be difficult to diagnose and challenging to manage, though treatment with specific bathing protocols, essential fatty acid supplementation, and sometimes immunosuppressive medications helps many dogs. Skin biopsies provide definitive diagnosis. The condition significantly impacts quality of life but is generally not life-threatening.
Von Willebrand Disease, a bleeding disorder caused by deficiency of clotting factor, affects some Akitas. Affected dogs may experience excessive bleeding from minor injuries, nosebleeds, or bleeding gums. Severity varies from mild to life-threatening. Genetic testing identifies carriers and affected dogs, allowing breeders to make informed decisions. Management involves avoiding medications like aspirin that affect clotting, informing veterinarians before surgeries, and having blood typing done in case transfusions become necessary.
Cancer affects many Akitas, particularly as they age. Common types include lymphoma, osteosarcoma, and hemangiosarcoma. Warning signs include lumps, lameness, difficulty breathing, loss of appetite, or unexplained weight loss. Regular veterinary examinations help detect cancers early when treatment options are most effective. Treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation depending on cancer type and location. Prognosis varies widely by cancer type, location, and stage at diagnosis.
Preventive veterinary care forms the foundation of maintaining health throughout an Akita's life. Puppies require a series of vaccinations beginning at eight weeks, with boosters every three to four weeks until sixteen weeks old. Adult dogs need core vaccinations annually or every three years depending on vaccine type and local regulations. Annual wellness examinations allow veterinarians to detect problems before they become serious, including dental disease, heart problems, or early signs of cancer. Senior Akitas benefit from more frequent check-ups and bloodwork to monitor organ function.
Parasite prevention is essential year-round. Monthly heartworm preventive protects against this potentially fatal parasite transmitted by mosquitoes. Flea and tick prevention reduces risk of disease transmission and skin problems. Intestinal parasite screening and treatment protect both dogs and their families, as some parasites are zoonotic. Maintaining proper weight throughout life reduces stress on joints and organs, potentially extending healthy years. Feeding high-quality food appropriate for large breeds supports overall health and immune function. Regular dental care prevents periodontal disease that can affect systemic health.
Common Health Issues
- Hip dysplasia is a developmental orthopedic condition affecting many large breeds including Akitas.
- Hypothyroidism, an underactive thyroid gland, occurs with some frequency in Akitas.
- Von Willebrand Disease, a bleeding disorder caused by deficiency of clotting factor, affects some Akitas.
- Cancer affects many Akitas, particularly as they age.
- Common types include lymphoma, osteosarcoma, and hemangiosarcoma.
- Regular veterinary examinations help detect cancers early when treatment options are most effective.
Preventive Care & Health Monitoring
- Regular veterinary care, proper nutrition, appropriate exercise, and attention to early signs of problems help maximize both lifespan and quality of life.
- While genetics play a significant role, environmental factors including rapid growth, excessive exercise during development, and obesity also contribute.
- Screening breeding stock through hip radiographs evaluated by organizations like OFA or PennHIP helps reduce incidence.
- Feed multiple smaller meals daily, use slow-feed bowls, avoid exercise within two hours of meals, and consider prophylactic gastropexy surgery, particularly if breeding the dog.
Regular veterinary check-ups and preventive care are essential for maintaining your Akita's health and longevity.