Moluccan Cockatoo
Specie Description

The Moluccan Cockatoo, scientifically classified as Cacatua moluccensis, derives its common name from the Moluccan Islands (also called the Maluku Islands or Spice Islands) of Indonesia, the species' native range. This geographic reference immediately identifies the bird's origin in this specific Indonesian archipelago. The species is also widely known as the Salmon-crested Cockatoo, a name that describes the beautiful salmon-pink to peachy-orange coloring of the bird's erectile crest feathers, which when raised create a spectacular crown-like display of warm-toned plumage. In aviculture and among cockatoo enthusiasts, this species is sometimes simply called the Moluccan or M2 (M-two), abbreviations commonly used in written communications and online discussions. The informal nickname 'velcro bird' is frequently applied to Moluccan Cockatoos due to their extreme tendency to cling to their favorite person both physically and emotionally, never wanting to be separated. This nickname, while endearing, hints at one of the species' most challenging characteristics - their overwhelming neediness that makes them unsuitable for most homes. The scientific name Cacatua moluccensis places the species in the genus Cacatua, which includes the white and pink cockatoos, distinguishing them from the black cockatoos in different genera. The species name moluccensis directly references the Moluccan Islands geographic origin. Historical taxonomic literature occasionally references this species under slight variations in spelling, though Cacatua moluccensis is the currently accepted scientific nomenclature. There are no recognized subspecies of Cacatua moluccensis, though individual variation exists in the intensity and extent of pink coloring throughout the plumage. Some individuals display deeper salmon-pink tones while others show softer peachy-pink coloring. The amount of pink suffusion in the body plumage varies among individuals, with some birds showing extensive pink throughout their feathering while others display more white with pink primarily concentrated in the crest and underwing areas. These variations are individual rather than representing distinct geographic populations. Regional naming in Indonesia uses local language terms including Kakatua Raja or Kakatua Maluku. In the international pet trade, the English names Moluccan Cockatoo and Salmon-crested Cockatoo are most commonly used, with the former being more prevalent in North America and the latter sometimes preferred in European and Australian contexts. Regardless of the name used, this species is immediately recognizable by cockatoo enthusiasts worldwide due to its distinctive size, coloring, and reputation as one of the most challenging yet devoted companion parrots.

The Moluccan Cockatoo is one of the largest cockatoo species, measuring approximately 20 to 22 inches in length from the top of the head to the tip of the tail. The tail accounts for roughly one-third of the total length, with the body being substantial and powerful. Adults typically weigh between 700 to 1,025 grams (approximately 1.5 to 2.3 pounds), making them heavy, solid birds that feel substantial when perched on a hand or shoulder. Their weight and strength require owners to have appropriate physical capability for handling and the stamina to support these birds for extended periods, as they frequently demand to be held. The most spectacular and defining feature of the Moluccan Cockatoo is its magnificent crest, which can be raised and lowered expressively. When erected, the crest displays brilliant salmon-pink to peachy-orange coloring that fans out in a impressive crown, creating one of nature's most beautiful displays. The interior of the crest feathers shows deeper, richer pink-orange tones, while the exterior may be somewhat paler. The crest is highly expressive and communicates the bird's emotional state - raised when excited, alert, frightened, or displaying, and lying flat against the head when relaxed or content. The body plumage is predominantly white with beautiful salmon-pink to peachy-pink suffusion throughout, creating an overall impression of soft, warm-toned coloring rather than pure white. The extent and intensity of pink coloring varies considerably among individuals. Some Moluccan Cockatoos display extensive deep salmon-pink suffusion throughout the body, wing, and tail feathers, while others show more subtle peachy tones with pink primarily visible on the undersides of wings and tail. The cheeks and ear coverts often show particularly strong pink coloring. The underwing coverts and the underside of the tail feathers display the most intense coloring, with deep salmon-pink to orange-pink tones creating dramatic flashes of color visible when the bird spreads its wings or fans its tail. This coloring is particularly spectacular when the bird performs displays, which Moluccan Cockatoos do frequently as part of their expressive, demonstrative nature. The flight feathers themselves are white with yellowish tones on the underside. Like all cockatoos, Moluccan Cockatoos produce copious amounts of powder down, a fine white powder that coats their feathers and helps maintain plumage condition. This powder is constantly produced and dispersed, settling on all surfaces in the home and potentially affecting people with allergies or respiratory sensitivities. The powder production in Moluccan Cockatoos is substantial, requiring frequent cleaning of the environment and making them unsuitable for people with dust allergies or respiratory conditions. The beak is large, powerful, and black or dark gray, deeply curved and capable of generating tremendous crushing force. The beak of a Moluccan Cockatoo can crack Brazil nuts, demolish wood with ease, and inflict devastating injuries if the bird bites aggressively. Their beaks are among the most powerful in the parrot world relative to body size, and their destructive capabilities are extraordinary. Owners must provide appropriate outlets for their natural chewing behaviors and respect the potential danger of these formidable beaks. The eyes are dark brown to black in adults, creating a striking contrast against the white and pink plumage. Unlike many parrot species where eye color changes with maturity, Moluccan Cockatoos maintain dark eyes throughout their lives. The periorbital skin (the bare skin around the eyes) is white to pale gray, often showing a bluish tinge. This bare skin flushes pinker when the bird is excited or aroused, providing additional emotional communication. The legs and feet are dark gray to black with powerful zygodactyl feet (two toes forward, two backward) equipped with strong black claws. Despite their size and weight, Moluccan Cockatoos are agile climbers that use their feet extensively for manipulation and climbing. Sexual dimorphism is subtle in Moluccan Cockatoos, with males typically being slightly larger than females with somewhat larger heads and beaks. However, these differences are too subtle and variable for reliable visual sexing without DNA testing, surgical sexing, or observation of breeding behaviors. Eye color is often cited as a sexing characteristic, with females supposedly having reddish-brown irises and males having darker brown to black irises, but this method is unreliable and should not be used for definitive sexing.

The Moluccan Cockatoo is endemic to a very restricted range in eastern Indonesia, specifically the South Moluccan Islands including Seram, Ambon, Haruku, and Saparua. This extremely limited geographic distribution makes the species particularly vulnerable to threats and contributes to its critically endangered conservation status. The entire global population of wild Moluccan Cockatoos exists within this small Indonesian archipelago, with no naturally occurring populations anywhere else in the world. This restricted range is one of the smallest of any cockatoo species and places the entire species at risk from localized disasters or habitat destruction. In their natural habitat, Moluccan Cockatoos inhabit lowland tropical rainforests, forest edges, partially cleared areas with scattered large trees, and occasionally mangrove forests and plantations. They show preference for primary and mature secondary forests where large old trees provide nesting cavities. The species occurs from sea level to elevations of approximately 1,000 meters (roughly 3,300 feet), though they are most common in lowland regions. Their habitat consists of humid tropical forests with consistent warm temperatures, high rainfall, and dense vegetation. The climate in the South Moluccan Islands is equatorial tropical, characterized by high temperatures year-round, substantial rainfall, and consistently high humidity. Temperatures typically range from 75-90°F throughout the year with minimal seasonal variation. Rainfall is abundant, though some seasonal variation exists with slightly drier periods. The consistently warm, humid conditions have shaped the species' physiology and make them intolerant of cold temperatures or low humidity in captive situations. Wild Moluccan Cockatoos are social birds living in pairs, family groups, or small flocks, though flock sizes are generally smaller than those of some other cockatoo species. They are monogamous, forming lifelong pair bonds that remain strong even within flock situations. Pairs engage in frequent mutual preening, feeding each other, and maintaining close physical contact, behaviors that demonstrate the species' intense social and bonding needs. This strong pair bonding in the wild translates to the extreme attachment behaviors seen in captive birds that bond with human caregivers. Daily activity patterns begin shortly after dawn when birds become active with loud vocalizations that serve to maintain flock cohesion and pair bonds. Morning hours are spent foraging in the forest canopy, moving through trees in search of food. Moluccan Cockatoos feed on a varied diet including seeds, nuts, fruits, berries, flowers, insects, and occasionally agricultural crops. Their powerful beaks allow them to access hard nuts and seeds unavailable to species with weaker beaks. During the hottest midday hours, the birds rest in shaded areas of the canopy, engaging in preening and social behaviors. Late afternoon brings another feeding period before the birds return to traditional roosting trees in the evening with characteristic loud calling. Vocalizations in wild Moluccan Cockatoos are extremely loud and serve multiple functions including flock cohesion, territorial defense, pair bond maintenance, and alarm calls warning of predators. Their naturally loud vocalizations adapted for communication across forested landscapes translate to the ear-splitting screaming that makes them so challenging in captive situations. The morning and evening calling sessions that are natural flock behaviors in the wild become the inevitable screaming sessions that many owners find intolerable. Breeding behavior occurs once annually, typically during the dry season when food resources are most predictable. Pairs select natural tree cavities in very large, mature trees for nesting, often competing intensely for suitable sites. Females lay 2-3 eggs (occasionally just 1) and incubate them for approximately 28-30 days while males provide food and defend the nest site. Both parents care for chicks, which fledge at approximately 14-16 weeks but remain dependent on parents for several additional months while learning foraging skills and social behaviors. Moluccan Cockatoos reach sexual maturity at approximately 5-7 years of age, relatively late compared to smaller parrot species. The conservation status of the Moluccan Cockatoo is listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN Red List, with some conservation organizations considering the status as Endangered or even Critically Endangered in parts of their range. The wild population has experienced catastrophic declines over the past several decades, with current estimates suggesting fewer than 10,000 individuals remain in the wild, possibly far fewer. The species faces multiple severe threats including extensive habitat destruction through logging and agricultural conversion, illegal trapping for the domestic and international pet trade despite legal protections, and their extremely limited range making them vulnerable to localized disasters. Historically, tens of thousands of Moluccan Cockatoos were trapped and exported for the international pet trade, decimating wild populations. While international trade is now prohibited under CITES Appendix I listing, illegal trapping continues for domestic Indonesian markets. Habitat loss continues as forests are cleared for agriculture and development. The combination of a small range, low reproductive rate (producing few offspring slowly), and multiple ongoing threats places the species at serious risk of extinction in the wild. Conservation efforts focus on habitat protection, anti-poaching patrols, community education, and captive breeding programs. However, the species' future in the wild remains precarious, with some populations already extirpated from islands where they once occurred.

Moluccan Cockatoos possess one of the most complex, challenging, and emotionally intense temperaments of any companion parrot species. These birds are legendary for their overwhelming neediness, extreme emotional sensitivity, and capacity for both profound devotion and serious behavioral problems. Understanding their temperament is absolutely critical before considering this species, as the vast majority of Moluccan Cockatoos in captivity develop significant behavioral issues including screaming, aggression, and self-mutilation. These magnificent birds are completely unsuitable for most homes and should only be considered by the most experienced, dedicated, and emotionally prepared parrot owners. Neediness and emotional dependence define Moluccan Cockatoo temperament above all other characteristics. These birds form intensely deep emotional attachments to their chosen person that go far beyond the bonding seen in most other parrot species. They crave constant physical contact, wanting to be held, cuddled, petted, and kept in direct physical contact for hours at a time. Many Moluccan Cockatoos become so attached that they cannot tolerate even brief separations from their bonded person, screaming continuously when separated and showing signs of genuine emotional distress. This neediness has earned them the nickname 'velcro birds' - they want to literally stick to their person constantly, never being satisfied with being nearby but demanding constant physical contact. The level of attention required by Moluccan Cockatoos is extraordinary and honestly beyond what most people can provide. These birds may demand 6-8+ hours daily of direct hands-on interaction, and even this may not fully satisfy them. They are not content to simply be in the same room or even on a nearby perch - they want to be held, touched, and given undivided attention continuously. Owners who get Moluccan Cockatoos often feel enslaved by their bird's demands, unable to work, socialize, or even perform basic household tasks without the bird screaming for attention. This level of neediness is not exaggeration - it is the reality of Moluccan ownership that leads to the vast majority of these birds being rehomed, often multiple times. Affection and physical contact seeking in Moluccan Cockatoos is profound. These birds adore being cuddled, petted, scratched, and held like babies. Many will lie on their backs in their owner's arms, press against their owner's body, burrow into clothing, and seek constant tactile stimulation. They may follow their person from room to room, land on them repeatedly if allowed to fly free, and become upset if their person sits down without allowing the bird to join them. This extreme affection is endearing initially but quickly becomes overwhelming for most people as the bird's demands never cease and cannot be satisfied. One-person bonding is extremely common and problematic in Moluccan Cockatoos. Despite best efforts at socialization, many of these birds bond so intensely with one primary person that they become aggressive, jealous, or dismissive toward everyone else, including family members. They may attack spouses, become aggressive when their person pays attention to others, and make it impossible for their chosen person to have normal social interactions. This one-person bonding creates enormous stress in households and contributes to relationship problems and rehoming. Emotional sensitivity in Moluccan Cockatoos is extreme. These birds are acutely attuned to their owner's emotions, routines, and attention levels. They become distressed by changes in routine, tension in the household, their owner's emotional states, or any perceived reduction in attention. This sensitivity means they are vulnerable to anxiety, stress, and behavioral problems from situations that wouldn't affect other species. They remember negative experiences for years and may develop lasting fears or behavioral changes from single traumatic events. Screaming is perhaps the most serious behavioral challenge with Moluccan Cockatoos. These birds are among the loudest animals on Earth, capable of vocalizations exceeding 120 decibels - as loud as a chainsaw, rock concert, or jet engine at close range. Their screams can cause permanent hearing damage and can be heard literally for miles. Morning and evening screaming sessions are natural flock behaviors that cannot be eliminated, often lasting 30-60 minutes of continuous ear-splitting vocalizations. Many Moluccan Cockatoos also scream for attention throughout the day, and once screaming becomes an established attention-getting behavior, it is nearly impossible to eliminate. The noise level is absolutely intolerable for most people and is the primary reason these birds are rehomed. Feather plucking and self-mutilation are tragically common in captive Moluccan Cockatoos. Studies suggest that over 80% of captive Moluccan Cockatoos develop some form of feather destructive behavior during their lives. These sensitive, needy birds are extremely prone to plucking when their emotional needs aren't met, which given their extreme needs is almost inevitable in most captive situations. Once established, plucking is extremely difficult or impossible to stop and may progress to self-mutilation. The sight of a plucked Moluccan Cockatoo is heartbreaking and speaks to the fundamental unsuitability of this species for captivity in most circumstances. Aggression and biting can be serious problems in Moluccan Cockatoos, particularly during hormonal periods. Their powerful beaks can inflict devastating injuries including severed fingers, facial injuries requiring reconstructive surgery, and deep tissue damage. Hormonal males and females may become unpredictably aggressive, attacking without warning. One-person bonded birds may attack anyone who comes near their chosen person. The combination of extreme neediness and potential for serious aggression makes Moluccan Cockatoos genuinely dangerous birds that require expert handling. Playfulness and clownish behavior do exist in well-adjusted Moluccan Cockatoos. These intelligent birds can be entertaining, engaging in silly antics, learning tricks, and showing affectionate, endearing behaviors. However, this playful side is often overshadowed by their behavioral problems and extreme neediness. A happy, well-adjusted Moluccan Cockatoo in an appropriate home where their needs can be met is a wonderful companion, but such situations are rare. The reality is that Moluccan Cockatoos are fundamentally unsuitable for most homes. They require more time, attention, emotional energy, and tolerance for noise than almost anyone can provide. The parrot rescue community is overwhelmed with Moluccan Cockatoos that have been through multiple homes, many with serious behavioral problems. Potential owners must honestly assess whether they can truly provide for this species' extraordinary needs throughout a 60-80 year lifespan before acquiring one of these magnificent but impossibly demanding birds.

Proper housing and care for Moluccan Cockatoos represents an extraordinary commitment requiring massive space, substantial ongoing financial investment, expert-level knowledge, tremendous time dedication, and emotional resilience maintained consistently throughout their 60-80 year lifespan. These enormous, powerful, destructive, and emotionally demanding birds have needs that far exceed those of most other parrot species, and anyone considering Moluccan ownership must honestly assess their ability to provide appropriate care for literally decades. Cage size for Moluccan Cockatoos must be absolutely massive to accommodate their large bodies, impressive crests, and need for space. The absolute minimum cage dimensions should be 48 inches wide by 36 inches deep by 60 inches tall, though substantially larger cages measuring 6-8 feet in length, 4-5 feet in depth, and 6-7 feet in height are strongly recommended. Many Moluccan owners ultimately provide walk-in aviaries or dedicate entire rooms to their birds. The cage must allow the bird to fully raise its impressive crest and spread its wings without restriction and provide space for multiple large perches, numerous large toys, and food dishes. However, regardless of cage size, Moluccan Cockatoos cannot be confined to cages for extended periods without developing serious behavioral problems. Bar spacing must be appropriate for large cockatoos, typically 1 to 1.5 inches apart, to prevent head entrapment while providing grip for climbing. Bars must be extremely thick and sturdy, preferably 10-gauge or thicker stainless steel, as Moluccan Cockatoos have tremendously powerful beaks capable of bending or breaking inadequate bars. Many owners report their Moluccan destroying powder-coated cages, making stainless steel the only truly suitable material. Horizontal bars on at least two sides facilitate climbing. All welds must be smooth and extremely secure. The cage door should be very large and have multiple locks, as these intelligent birds are excellent escape artists. Cage placement requires consideration. Position the cage in a high-traffic area where the bird can observe and participate in all family activities, as Moluccan Cockatoos absolutely must be included in household life. However, avoid kitchens due to toxic fumes. The cage should be positioned at a height where the perched bird's eyes are at or above human eye level. Critically, the cage placement must account for the inevitable extremely loud vocalizations - Moluccan screaming can be heard throughout homes and far outside, making them unsuitable for apartments, townhomes, condominiums, or any situation with nearby neighbors. Perch variety is essential. Provide natural wood branches of varying diameters from 1.5 to 3 inches from bird-safe trees such as manzanita or dragonwood. Include rope perches, though monitor for fraying. Position perches throughout the vertical space but never over food or water. Moluccan Cockatoos destroy perches rapidly with their powerful beaks, requiring frequent replacement. Toy selection must account for their extraordinary destructive power. Moluccan Cockatoos can destroy virtually any toy in minutes to hours. Provide large hardwood blocks, branches, rope toys (monitored carefully), acrylic toys, stainless steel chains and bells, and shreddable materials. Expect to spend $100+ monthly on toy replacement as these birds are among the most destructive parrots. Toys are essential for mental stimulation but are demolished at astonishing rates. Out-of-cage time requirements for Moluccan Cockatoos are extreme. These birds cannot tolerate being caged for long periods and ideally should be out whenever owners are home. However, out-of-cage time presents challenges as Moluccans demand constant hands-on attention and cannot simply play independently. They follow their owners constantly, demand to be held continuously, and scream if not given constant attention. The reality is that Moluccan owners often feel unable to accomplish anything because their bird demands constant interaction. Bird-proofing is critical. Eliminate windows and mirrors, ceiling fans, toxic plants, electrical cords, hot surfaces, water containers, and access to other pets. Moluccan Cockatoos are extremely destructive to homes, capable of destroying furniture, walls, door frames, and virtually any wood or soft material they can access. Many Moluccan owners report thousands of dollars in home damage. The most critical safety concern is non-stick cookware containing PTFE/Teflon which releases instantly fatal fumes. Powder down management is a major issue with Moluccan Cockatoos. These birds produce massive amounts of fine white powder that coats everything in the home. Regular vacuuming with HEPA filters, air purifiers, and frequent cleaning are essential. The powder makes these birds unsuitable for people with allergies or respiratory conditions. Environmental enrichment must be extensive. Provide diverse foraging opportunities, daily training sessions, varied toys, and extensive social interaction. However, the challenge is that Moluccan Cockatoos often aren't satisfied with enrichment activities when what they really want is constant hands-on attention from their person. Temperature requirements reflect their tropical origin. Comfortable temperatures range from 70-85°F with humidity around 50-70%. They have no tolerance for cold temperatures below 65°F. They appreciate regular misting or showers to maintain feather and skin condition. Lighting requirements include 10-12 hours of light and 10-12 hours of uninterrupted darkness for proper sleep and hormonal regulation. Provide full-spectrum UV lighting 4-6 hours daily. Inadequate sleep contributes to behavioral problems. Cover the cage at night in a quiet room ensuring the bird gets proper rest. The reality is that proper care for Moluccan Cockatoos requires dedicating much of your life to meeting their needs. They require more space, money, time, and emotional energy than almost any other companion animal.

Proper nutrition for Moluccan Cockatoos is essential for maintaining health throughout their 60-80 year lifespan, though dietary management alone cannot address the profound behavioral and psychological problems common in this species. In their natural Indonesian habitat, wild Moluccan Cockatoos consume varied diets including seeds, nuts, fruits, berries, flowers, and insects. Replicating appropriate nutrition in captivity requires commitment to providing species-appropriate foods. The foundation of a captive Moluccan Cockatoo's diet should be high-quality, nutritionally complete pellets formulated specifically for large cockatoos, constituting 60-70% of daily food intake. Premium pelleted diets provide balanced nutrition eliminating deficiencies inherent in seed-based diets. Choose organic pellets manufactured without artificial colors or preservatives. Convert birds gradually from seed-based diets over weeks to months, though Moluccan Cockatoos often resist dietary changes stubbornly. Fresh vegetables should comprise 20-25% of daily diet, offered twice daily with uneaten portions removed after 2-3 hours. Excellent choices include dark leafy greens such as kale, collard greens, mustard greens, and dandelion greens providing vitamin A particularly important for cockatoos prone to deficiency. Root vegetables including carrots, sweet potatoes, and beets offer nutrients. Cruciferous vegetables including broccoli, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts provide beneficial compounds. Bell peppers, snap peas, green beans, squash, and corn add variety. Rotate vegetables daily ensuring broad nutrient intake. Fruits should be strictly limited to 5-10% of diet due to high sugar content. Safe fruits include apples, berries, papaya, mango, melon, grapes, and pomegranate. While Moluccan Cockatoos love fruits, excessive consumption contributes to obesity. Use fruits as training treats. Nuts should be extremely limited despite cockatoos' love for them. Limit to 1-2 nuts daily or use exclusively as training rewards. Appropriate nuts include almonds, walnuts, pecans, and pistachios. Many Moluccan Cockatoos become obese on high-nut diets. Seeds should be eliminated or extremely limited. Commercial seed mixes are excessively high in fat and nutritionally deficient. Seed-based diets contribute to obesity, vitamin deficiencies, and shortened lifespans. Foods requiring complete avoidance include chocolate, avocado, caffeine, alcohol, excessive salt, refined sugar, xylitol, onions, garlic, fruit pits, and raw beans. High-fat junk foods should be avoided. Supplementation may be necessary. Calcium supplementation through cuttlebone or mineral blocks benefits cockatoos. Vitamin D3 from UV lighting is essential for calcium absorption. Never add vitamins to water; sprinkle on foods. Water must be fresh and available at all times. Change water multiple times daily as cockatoos often dunk food in water. Use heavy ceramic or stainless steel bowls. Foraging opportunities provide mental stimulation. Hide food in puzzle toys, wrap vegetables in paper, and use commercial foraging devices. Create challenges requiring problem-solving. However, Moluccan Cockatoos are often more interested in demanding attention than engaging with foraging activities. Weight management requires weekly monitoring. Adult Moluccan Cockatoos typically weigh 700-1,025 grams depending on sex and frame. Consult your avian veterinarian to determine ideal weight. Obesity is common in captive Moluccans with inadequate exercise. Special dietary considerations for cockatoos include vitamin A supplementation as this species is prone to deficiency. Ensure adequate vitamin A through dark leafy greens and orange vegetables or supplements as recommended by your veterinarian. It's important to note that while proper nutrition is essential, dietary management alone cannot prevent or resolve the serious behavioral problems including feather plucking, screaming, and aggression that affect the vast majority of captive Moluccan Cockatoos. These problems stem primarily from the impossibility of meeting their extreme social and emotional needs in typical captive environments.

Moluccan Cockatoos can be long-lived birds with proper care, regularly achieving lifespans of 60-80 years in captivity, making them literally lifetime companions that may outlive their original owners. However, their emotional sensitivity, tendency toward behavioral problems, and specific physiological characteristics make them susceptible to numerous health conditions requiring vigilant monitoring, expert veterinary care, and proactive preventive measures throughout their remarkably long lives. Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD), caused by circovirus, affects cockatoos and causes progressive feather abnormalities, loss of powder down production, beak deformities, and immune system compromise without effective cure or treatment, making it one of the most devastating diseases affecting the species. Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD), also known as Avian Bornavirus, causes neurological symptoms and gastrointestinal dysfunction with undigested food in droppings, progressive weight loss, and often death, though some birds respond to supportive care and anti-inflammatory medications. Psittacosis, caused by the bacterium Chlamydia psittaci, can affect Moluccan Cockatoos and presents with respiratory distress, lethargy, lime-green urates, conjunctivitis, and general illness requiring immediate veterinary treatment with appropriate antibiotics. Aspergillosis, a fungal respiratory infection caused by inhaling Aspergillus spores from moldy food or damp environments, is particularly dangerous in cockatoos and can be difficult to diagnose, often requiring prolonged antifungal therapy. Feather plucking and self-mutilation occur in over 80% of captive Moluccan Cockatoos at some point in their lives, representing complex problems with medical, nutritional, environmental, and profound psychological components that are often impossible to fully resolve once established. Fatty liver disease develops in obese cockatoos consuming high-fat diets with inadequate exercise, causing lethargy, difficulty breathing, and potentially fatal liver failure. Obesity itself is common in captive Moluccan Cockatoos with insufficient exercise, predisposing to numerous secondary health problems including atherosclerosis and reduced lifespan. Giardiasis, a protozoal intestinal infection, occurs commonly in cockatoos causing diarrhea, weight loss, and poor feather condition. Preventive care is absolutely essential for maintaining health in Moluccan Cockatoos throughout their extraordinary lifespans. Regular veterinary checkups with experienced avian veterinarians specializing in large parrots should occur at minimum annually for comprehensive wellness examinations including thorough physical evaluation, weight monitoring, body condition assessment, and blood work screening for complete blood count, chemistry panel, vitamin levels, and early disease detection before clinical symptoms appear. Proper diet and nutrition is critical, with varied diets based primarily on high-quality pellets formulated for large cockatoos, abundant fresh vegetables providing essential vitamins and minerals particularly vitamin A, limited fruits due to high sugar content, and very minimal nuts and seeds despite cockatoos' strong preference for high-fat foods. Environmental enrichment through extensive diverse toys rotated regularly, daily foraging opportunities, adequate exercise, and most critically for this species, meeting their extreme social needs prevents some stress-related conditions, though given their extraordinary neediness, fully meeting their social requirements is nearly impossible in most situations. Cage cleanliness and regular thorough sanitization of all food bowls, water dishes, perches, toys, and cage surfaces prevents bacterial and fungal growth. UV lighting through full-spectrum avian fixtures or supervised outdoor exposure enables natural vitamin D3 synthesis essential for calcium metabolism and health. Annual wellness exams allow veterinarians to detect subtle changes indicating developing problems before they become serious. The tragic reality is that the vast majority of captive Moluccan Cockatoos develop significant behavioral and psychological problems including chronic feather plucking, excessive screaming, and aggression during their lives, largely due to the impossibility of meeting their extreme social and emotional needs in typical captive environments. These behavioral problems often have health consequences including self-inflicted injuries from plucking or self-mutilation, stress-related immune suppression increasing disease susceptibility, and reduced quality of life. Even with the best possible care, many Moluccan Cockatoos struggle psychologically in captivity. With truly exceptional care including species-appropriate diet, adequate exercise, extensive environmental enrichment, expert veterinary oversight, and somehow meeting their extraordinary social needs, Moluccan Cockatoos can achieve their full 60-80 year lifespan potential. However, the unfortunate reality is that many Moluccan Cockatoos in captivity have significantly compromised quality of life and health due to chronic behavioral problems stemming from their fundamentally unsuitable adaptation to captive life.

Moluccan Cockatoos can be long-lived birds with proper care, regularly achieving lifespans of 60-80 years in captivity, making them literally lifetime companions that may outlive their original owners. However, their emotional sensitivity, tendency toward behavioral problems, and specific physiological characteristics make them susceptible to numerous health conditions requiring vigilant monitoring, expert veterinary care, and proactive preventive measures throughout their remarkably long lives. Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD), caused by circovirus, affects cockatoos and causes progressive feather abnormalities, loss of powder down production, beak deformities, and immune system compromise without effective cure or treatment, making it one of the most devastating diseases affecting the species. Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD), also known as Avian Bornavirus, causes neurological symptoms and gastrointestinal dysfunction with undigested food in droppings, progressive weight loss, and often death, though some birds respond to supportive care and anti-inflammatory medications. Psittacosis, caused by the bacterium Chlamydia psittaci, can affect Moluccan Cockatoos and presents with respiratory distress, lethargy, lime-green urates, conjunctivitis, and general illness requiring immediate veterinary treatment with appropriate antibiotics. Aspergillosis, a fungal respiratory infection caused by inhaling Aspergillus spores from moldy food or damp environments, is particularly dangerous in cockatoos and can be difficult to diagnose, often requiring prolonged antifungal therapy. Feather plucking and self-mutilation occur in over 80% of captive Moluccan Cockatoos at some point in their lives, representing complex problems with medical, nutritional, environmental, and profound psychological components that are often impossible to fully resolve once established. Fatty liver disease develops in obese cockatoos consuming high-fat diets with inadequate exercise, causing lethargy, difficulty breathing, and potentially fatal liver failure. Obesity itself is common in captive Moluccan Cockatoos with insufficient exercise, predisposing to numerous secondary health problems including atherosclerosis and reduced lifespan. Giardiasis, a protozoal intestinal infection, occurs commonly in cockatoos causing diarrhea, weight loss, and poor feather condition. Preventive care is absolutely essential for maintaining health in Moluccan Cockatoos throughout their extraordinary lifespans. Regular veterinary checkups with experienced avian veterinarians specializing in large parrots should occur at minimum annually for comprehensive wellness examinations including thorough physical evaluation, weight monitoring, body condition assessment, and blood work screening for complete blood count, chemistry panel, vitamin levels, and early disease detection before clinical symptoms appear. Proper diet and nutrition is critical, with varied diets based primarily on high-quality pellets formulated for large cockatoos, abundant fresh vegetables providing essential vitamins and minerals particularly vitamin A, limited fruits due to high sugar content, and very minimal nuts and seeds despite cockatoos' strong preference for high-fat foods. Environmental enrichment through extensive diverse toys rotated regularly, daily foraging opportunities, adequate exercise, and most critically for this species, meeting their extreme social needs prevents some stress-related conditions, though given their extraordinary neediness, fully meeting their social requirements is nearly impossible in most situations. Cage cleanliness and regular thorough sanitization of all food bowls, water dishes, perches, toys, and cage surfaces prevents bacterial and fungal growth. UV lighting through full-spectrum avian fixtures or supervised outdoor exposure enables natural vitamin D3 synthesis essential for calcium metabolism and health. Annual wellness exams allow veterinarians to detect subtle changes indicating developing problems before they become serious. The tragic reality is that the vast majority of captive Moluccan Cockatoos develop significant behavioral and psychological problems including chronic feather plucking, excessive screaming, and aggression during their lives, largely due to the impossibility of meeting their extreme social and emotional needs in typical captive environments. These behavioral problems often have health consequences including self-inflicted injuries from plucking or self-mutilation, stress-related immune suppression increasing disease susceptibility, and reduced quality of life. Even with the best possible care, many Moluccan Cockatoos struggle psychologically in captivity. With truly exceptional care including species-appropriate diet, adequate exercise, extensive environmental enrichment, expert veterinary oversight, and somehow meeting their extraordinary social needs, Moluccan Cockatoos can achieve their full 60-80 year lifespan potential. However, the unfortunate reality is that many Moluccan Cockatoos in captivity have significantly compromised quality of life and health due to chronic behavioral problems stemming from their fundamentally unsuitable adaptation to captive life.

Training Moluccan Cockatoos presents unique challenges due to their overwhelming neediness, emotional sensitivity, and tendency to use behavioral manipulation to get attention. While these intelligent birds can learn tricks and behaviors, their primary motivation is attention rather than treats or intellectual engagement. They quickly learn which behaviors get them the most attention, including undesirable ones like screaming and biting, making training a complex endeavor requiring expert-level understanding of cockatoo psychology. Positive reinforcement training is the only appropriate method for Moluccan Cockatoos. This approach involves rewarding desired behaviors with attention, treats, or other reinforcers. Never use punishment, which damages trust and increases behavioral problems. However, the challenge with Moluccans is that they often perceive any attention, even negative attention like yelling, as reward for their behavior. This makes accidentally reinforcing undesirable behaviors extremely easy. Basic foundational training includes step-up, step-down, and station training. However, many Moluccan Cockatoos resist training that involves them being placed somewhere away from their person. They may perform step-up perfectly but refuse step-down because they don't want to leave their person's shoulder or hand. This selective cooperation reflects their overwhelming need for physical contact. Trick training is possible with Moluccan Cockatoos and some individuals enjoy learning. They can learn to wave, dance, raise their crest on command, and perform other simple behaviors. However, training sessions must be kept very short (5-10 minutes) as Moluccans often become frustrated if training takes them away from demanded cuddle time. The most critical training for Moluccan Cockatoos involves teaching independence and appropriate behavior when the owner cannot provide attention. This is often impossible to achieve successfully, as their neediness is so extreme. Many behavior consultants work with Moluccan owners on gradual desensitization to separation, but success rates are generally poor. The birds' distress at separation appears genuine and profound, not mere manipulation. Talking ability in Moluccan Cockatoos is limited compared to species like African Greys or Amazons. They can learn 10-20 words with clear voices but are not prolific talkers. However, talking ability is largely irrelevant given their other vocalizations. Noise management is the single most important consideration with Moluccan Cockatoos. These birds are among the loudest animals on Earth, capable of vocalizations exceeding 120 decibels - as loud as a jet engine or chainsaw. Their screams can cause permanent hearing damage and can be heard literally for miles. Morning and evening screaming sessions lasting 30-60 minutes are natural flock behaviors that absolutely cannot be eliminated. These inevitable screaming sessions occur regardless of the bird's happiness, care quality, or training. Beyond the inevitable morning and evening sessions, many Moluccan Cockatoos develop excessive screaming for attention. Once screaming becomes an established attention-getting behavior, it is nearly impossible to eliminate. The bird learns that screaming brings the owner running, and the behavior becomes deeply ingrained. Many owners report that their Moluccan screams continuously whenever they're not being held, making normal life impossible. Preventing attention-seeking screaming requires never rewarding it with attention - but this is extraordinarily difficult with Moluccans. Even going to check on the bird when it screams reinforces the behavior. However, ignoring a Moluccan's screaming is almost impossible as the volume is so extreme and the bird will scream for hours without stopping. This creates an impossible situation where responding reinforces the behavior but not responding is unbearable. Many Moluccan owners wear hearing protection around their birds. Ear plugs or noise-canceling headphones are essential for many owners just to tolerate the noise levels. The screaming is not occasional or manageable - it is constant, ear-splitting, and literally painful. This noise level makes Moluccans completely unsuitable for apartments, townhomes, neighborhoods, or anywhere with neighbors nearby. Even in rural settings, their calls travel for miles. Vocalizations beyond screaming include softer chattering, muttering, and gentle contact calls when content. A happy Moluccan may make soft cooing and purring sounds. However, these pleasant vocalizations are vastly overshadowed by the screaming that dominates the acoustic landscape of any home with a Moluccan. The unfortunate reality is that screaming cannot be trained away in Moluccan Cockatoos. It is part of their natural behavior amplified by their extreme neediness. Anyone acquiring a Moluccan must accept that they will live with ear-splitting, house-shaking, neighbor-disturbing screaming for 60-80 years. There is no way around this reality. Socialization is critical but often insufficient to prevent one-person bonding. Even Moluccans raised with extensive socialization to multiple people often become intensely bonded to one primary person and aggressive toward others. This tendency appears hardwired in the species and extremely difficult to prevent.

Moluccan Cockatoos are generally completely unsuitable for families with children due to their extreme emotional needs, potential for serious aggression, ear-splitting vocalizations, and tendency toward one-person bonding that often manifests as aggression toward family members. These birds require adult-level understanding, emotional maturity, and physical strength that children cannot provide. Their powerful beaks can inflict devastating injuries including severed fingers and facial injuries requiring reconstructive surgery. The combination of extreme neediness, loud screaming, and potential for serious aggression makes them inappropriate for virtually any household with children. Families with children of any age should seriously reconsider Moluccan ownership. Young children's natural energy, voices, and movements can frighten these sensitive birds and trigger aggression. Additionally, Moluccan Cockatoos often become jealous of children competing for their bonded person's attention, leading to aggressive attacks. Many Moluccan owners report their bird attacking their children out of jealousy when the owner interacts with the child. These attacks can cause serious injury. The screaming alone makes Moluccans inappropriate for homes with children. Exposing children to 120+ decibel screaming for hours daily can cause hearing damage and create an intolerable living environment. Children cannot reasonably be expected to live in such conditions. Even adult children or teenagers in the home face risks. Moluccan Cockatoos bonded to one parent may attack adult children when they visit or interact with the bonded parent. This creates family conflict and dangerous situations. Supervision is absolutely mandatory but often insufficient. Even with supervision, Moluccan Cockatoos can strike suddenly and inflict serious injury before anyone can react. Their powerful beaks can remove fingers instantly. Warning signs may be minimal before an attack, particularly during hormonal periods. Hormonal aggression in Moluccan Cockatoos can be extreme and unpredictable. During breeding season, typically spring, even normally gentle birds may become dangerously aggressive. They may attack without warning, going from affectionate to aggressive in seconds. This unpredictability makes them genuinely dangerous around children. The attention demands of Moluccan Cockatoos create impossible situations in families. The bird demands constant attention from its bonded person, making it nearly impossible for that person to parent children effectively. Many Moluccan owners report feeling torn between their bird's extreme needs and their children's needs, creating family stress and resentment. Interactions with other household pets are extremely dangerous and must never occur. Dogs and cats are predators that may attack birds, while Moluccan Cockatoos' powerful beaks can kill dogs and cats. The bird's jealousy may also cause it to attack pets receiving attention from its bonded person. Strict separation protocols are absolutely mandatory. The bird must be in a separate room from all other pets at all times. Out-of-cage time must occur in pet-free rooms with closed doors. Never allow any interaction under any circumstances. Small mammals must be kept completely separated. The Moluccan's powerful beak could easily kill small animals, while their screaming causes extreme stress to prey animals. Other birds may or may not be compatible with Moluccan Cockatoos. Some Moluccans accept other birds while others become jealous and aggressive. The jealousy and one-person bonding that causes problems with human family members can also manifest toward other birds. If the owner pays attention to another bird, the Moluccan may attack it. The reality is that Moluccan Cockatoos require their bonded person's complete, undivided attention and often cannot tolerate that person having relationships with children, partners, other pets, or other birds. They demand to be the sole focus of their person's life, making them fundamentally incompatible with normal family life. Many Moluccan Cockatoos end up in rescue because families cannot handle the bird's jealousy, aggression toward children, extreme demands on the bonded person's time, and the impossible stress of trying to meet both the bird's needs and family members' needs. These situations are tragic but predictable given the species' extreme temperament. Potential owners must honestly assess whether they can truly dedicate their lives exclusively to the bird for 60-80 years before acquiring one.