Bare-Eyed Cockatoo
Specie Description

The Bare-Eyed Cockatoo is scientifically classified as Cacatua sanguinea, with the species name 'sanguinea' derived from Latin meaning 'blood-red,' referring to the distinctive reddish-pink coloring visible on the lores (area between the eye and beak) and sometimes on the throat of these birds. This nomenclature, while not immediately obvious from casual observation, references subtle field marks that distinguish this species from other white cockatoos. The genus Cacatua encompasses numerous cockatoo species, all sharing characteristic crests, curved beaks, and zygodactyl feet, with Cacatua sanguinea being one of the smaller and more widespread members of the genus.

The common name Bare-Eyed Cockatoo refers to the distinctive bare blue-grey skin forming a prominent eye-ring around each eye, creating a striking contrast against the white plumage and making this species instantly recognizable. However, this bird is perhaps more commonly known in Australia and aviculture circles as the Little Corella, emphasizing its status as one of the smaller cockatoo species. The term 'Corella' itself is derived from indigenous Australian languages and traditionally refers to several species of small to medium white cockatoos in Australia. Other alternate common names include Short-Billed Corella in some older literature, Blue-Eyed Cockatoo referencing the blue eye-ring though this can cause confusion with other species, and Blood-Stained Cockatoo in direct translation of the scientific name though this name is rarely used.

In Australia, where these birds are native and widespread, they are almost exclusively called Little Corellas, with the name so ingrained in local culture that many Australians might not immediately recognize the term 'Bare-Eyed Cockatoo.' Regional variations in Australian English may produce slight name differences, though Little Corella remains standard. Indigenous Australian peoples have traditional names for these birds in various Aboriginal languages, reflecting thousands of years of observation and cultural connection to these charismatic parrots.

There are several recognized subspecies of Cacatua sanguinea, showing subtle variations based on geographic distribution. The nominate subspecies Cacatua sanguinea sanguinea occupies the widest range across northern and eastern Australia. Cacatua sanguinea normantoni occurs in northwestern Australia and may show slightly smaller size and minor plumage differences. Cacatua sanguinea transfreta is found in southern New Guinea. Cacatua sanguinea westralensis inhabits southwestern Australia and was historically considered a separate species but is now recognized as a subspecies. These subspecies show relatively minor differences in size, the extent of pink coloring on the lores and throat, and subtle variations in call characteristics, though all share the fundamental characteristics of white plumage, blue eye-rings, and similar temperamental traits that make them popular in aviculture.

In aviculture and among bird enthusiasts worldwide, the species is known by both Bare-Eyed Cockatoo and Little Corella, with regional preferences determining which name predominates. North American aviculture tends to favor 'Bare-Eyed Cockatoo,' while Australian and European aviculture more commonly uses 'Little Corella.' The species has been kept in captivity for over a century and captive-bred birds are now readily available, making them one of the more accessible cockatoo species for prospective owners, though their demanding care requirements mean accessibility should not be confused with suitability for novice bird owners.

The Bare-Eyed Cockatoo is a medium-sized parrot measuring approximately 14 to 16 inches (36-40 centimeters) in length from head to tail tip, making it one of the smaller cockatoo species though still a substantial bird requiring spacious accommodations. Their wingspan extends approximately 10-12 inches, and adult birds typically weigh between 370 and 630 grams (13-22 ounces), with considerable individual variation based on sex, subspecies, and condition. They possess a compact, stocky build characteristic of cockatoos, with a rounded body, relatively short tail compared to some other parrot species, and strong, muscular frame that conveys both power and agility.

The plumage of the Bare-Eyed Cockatoo is predominantly pure white, covering the entire body, wings, and tail with pristine feathers that create a striking, clean appearance. The feathers have a soft, almost downy texture characteristic of cockatoos, and healthy birds display smooth, glossy plumage that reflects light beautifully. Unlike some cockatoo species that show yellow or salmon-pink suffusions on certain feathers, the Bare-Eyed Cockatoo maintains nearly uniform white coloration across most of the body. The underwing and undertail feathers may show very subtle yellow tinges in some individuals, though this is minimal and not immediately apparent.

The most distinctive and diagnostic feature giving the species its common name is the prominent bare skin around the eyes, forming a blue-grey or blue-white eye-ring that creates a striking contrast against both the white plumage and the dark eye itself. This bare orbital ring is quite noticeable and serves as the primary field mark distinguishing Bare-Eyed Cockatoos from other similar white cockatoo species. The lores (area between the eye and upper beak) show variable amounts of pink to reddish coloring, ranging from barely visible pale pink in some individuals to more prominent coral-pink or reddish patches in others. Some birds also display pink or reddish coloring on the throat and upper breast, though the extent of this coloring varies considerably among individuals and subspecies.

The crest is relatively short and rounded compared to the dramatic crests of larger cockatoo species like Umbrella or Moluccan Cockatoos. When relaxed, the crest lies flat against the head, barely visible. When raised in excitement, alarm, or display, it forms a modest rounded fan that adds height and drama to the bird's appearance without the spectacular display of longer-crested species. The crest feathers are pure white matching the body plumage.

The beak is relatively short, thick, and powerful, pale grey to horn-colored, characteristic of cockatoos adapted for cracking hard seeds and nuts. The upper mandible strongly curves downward overlapping the lower mandible, providing tremendous crushing force despite the bird's moderate size. This powerful beak can inflict serious, painful bites easily breaking skin and causing significant injury, requiring respect and proper training. The eyes are dark brown to black, appearing very dark against the pale eye-ring, giving these birds an alert, intelligent expression. The cere (fleshy area at the base of the upper beak) is grey.

Sexual dimorphism is minimal in Bare-Eyed Cockatoos, making visual sexing extremely difficult even for experienced breeders. Males and females are nearly identical in plumage, size, and physical characteristics. Some sources suggest males may have slightly larger heads, more extensive pink coloring on the lores, or darker eye color, but these differences are so subtle and variable that they are completely unreliable for sex determination. Behavioral differences during breeding season may provide clues, but DNA testing or surgical sexing remain the only accurate methods for determining sex in this species.

Juvenile Bare-Eyed Cockatoos closely resemble adults in plumage coloration but can be identified by subtle characteristics. Young birds may show slightly duller white plumage lacking the pristine brightness of adults, less prominent or paler blue eye-rings that develop full color intensity with maturity, paler horn-colored beaks that may darken slightly with age, and slightly softer, less defined feather edges. The iris color in juveniles may be slightly lighter grey-brown, gradually darkening to the near-black color of adults. Full adult plumage and appearance is typically achieved by one to two years of age.

The legs and feet are grey with zygodactyl toes (two facing forward, two backward) equipped with strong, curved grey claws. These powerful feet provide excellent gripping strength for climbing, hanging, and manipulating objects. Bare-Eyed Cockatoos are remarkably athletic and acrobatic, frequently hanging upside-down, climbing with agility, and engaging in playful aerial displays. The overall appearance of the Bare-Eyed Cockatoo is one of clean elegance with their pristine white plumage, striking blue eye-rings creating a distinctive 'surprised' or 'wide-eyed' expression, and compact, well-proportioned build. When excited, displaying, or alarmed, these birds raise their crests, flare their wings, and may bob their heads creating animated, engaging displays that showcase their expressive personalities and strong emotional responses to their environment.

The Bare-Eyed Cockatoo has an extensive natural range across mainland Australia and southern New Guinea, making it one of the most widespread and commonly encountered cockatoo species in Australia. Their distribution extends across northern, eastern, and southern Australia, avoiding only the most arid interior desert regions and the southwestern corner of the continent where a different subspecies occurs. In Australia, they are found from the Kimberley region of Western Australia across the Northern Territory, throughout Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, and into South Australia. This broad distribution reflects their remarkable adaptability to diverse environmental conditions and habitat types. In New Guinea, they occupy southern coastal lowlands and adjacent areas.

In their native habitats, Bare-Eyed Cockatoos occupy an impressive variety of environments including open woodlands dominated by eucalyptus and acacia, grasslands with scattered trees, agricultural areas including croplands and pastures, urban and suburban parks and gardens, riparian corridors along rivers and streams, semi-arid scrublands, and coastal areas. They show exceptional adaptability to human-modified landscapes and have actually increased in numbers and expanded their range in many areas due to agricultural development providing additional food sources and water availability. These cockatoos are found from sea level to approximately 1,000 meters elevation, though they are most common in lowland areas.

Unlike many parrot species that have declined due to habitat loss and human activities, Bare-Eyed Cockatoos have proven remarkably adaptable and have thrived in agricultural and urban environments. They readily exploit grain crops, particularly wheat and other cereals, and have become agricultural pests in some regions, causing significant crop damage and prompting control measures. Their populations have increased dramatically in many areas over the past century, and they are now considered overabundant in some regions, creating challenges for farmers and urban residents alike.

The climate throughout their range varies from tropical in the north with high temperatures and monsoonal rainfall patterns, to temperate in the south with cooler winters and more evenly distributed rainfall. Temperatures range from near-freezing winter nights in southern parts of their range to over 110°F (43°C) during summer in the interior, demonstrating their impressive physiological adaptability to temperature extremes. Bare-Eyed Cockatoos have adapted to seasonal variations in food and water availability, sometimes traveling considerable distances to exploit temporarily abundant resources or locate water during dry periods.

In the wild, Bare-Eyed Cockatoos are highly social, gregarious birds that form flocks ranging from small family groups to massive aggregations of thousands of individuals. These large flocks are a spectacular sight, creating cacophonous gatherings particularly at traditional roosting sites, watering holes, or abundant food sources. The social structure involves complex interactions with stable pair bonds within the larger flock context. Birds maintain contact through constant vocalizations, mutual preening within pairs, and synchronized activities. Their flight is strong and direct with distinctive slow, deep wingbeats, and flocks often perform aerial displays and acrobatics while vocalizing loudly, creating impressive spectacles visible and audible from great distances.

The wild diet of Bare-Eyed Cockatoos consists primarily of seeds including native grass seeds, seeds from eucalyptus and acacia trees, agricultural grains particularly wheat, oats, and barley which they exploit extensively, roots and bulbs which they dig up with their powerful beaks, fruits and berries, flowers and nectar from various plant species, insects and insect larvae particularly during breeding season, and fresh shoots and buds. They feed both in trees and on the ground, and are particularly known for their habit of digging for roots and corms, leaving distinctive excavations in soil and turf. These feeding behaviors can cause significant damage to lawns, sports fields, and golf courses in urban and suburban areas where flocks congregate.

Breeding behavior involves formation of monogamous pairs that maintain long-term bonds, often persisting across multiple breeding seasons or potentially for life. Pairs nest in tree hollows, competing for suitable cavities with other cavity-nesting species. Both parents participate in chick-rearing, with females handling incubation of the typically 2-3 eggs while males provision food and defend nest sites. The breeding season varies across their range, generally corresponding with periods following rainfall when food availability peaks. Young birds remain with parents for several weeks after fledging, learning foraging techniques and social behaviors essential for survival.

The conservation status of the Bare-Eyed Cockatoo is classified as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, reflecting stable and in many cases increasing populations across most of their range. This species represents one of the few parrot success stories, having adapted remarkably well to human landscape modifications. However, their success has created challenges of its own. In many agricultural areas, they are considered serious pests causing substantial economic losses through crop damage, and various control measures including culling, harassment, and exclusion have been implemented. In urban areas, large flocks can cause noise disturbances, damage to property and infrastructure, and conflicts with human activities.

Despite their abundance, Bare-Eyed Cockatoos still face some threats including loss of suitable nesting trees containing large hollows, competition for nest sites with introduced species like European Starlings and Common Mynas, poisoning through rodenticide exposure or intentional pest control, vehicle strikes as they feed along roadsides, and capture for the pet trade though this is less significant than for rarer species. Climate change may affect their distribution and breeding success, though their adaptability suggests they may cope better than more specialized species. Management of Bare-Eyed Cockatoos increasingly focuses on balancing conservation of native wildlife with mitigation of conflicts in agricultural and urban settings, requiring ongoing research into non-lethal deterrents and habitat management strategies.

The Bare-Eyed Cockatoo possesses the characteristically intense, affectionate, demanding temperament typical of all cockatoo species, with personality traits that can be simultaneously endearing and extremely challenging. These birds are renowned for being extraordinarily cuddly, loving, and devoted companions that form profoundly deep emotional attachments to their owners. However, this intense bonding comes with extreme neediness, susceptibility to severe behavioral problems when their social needs aren't met, and demanding care requirements that make them suitable only for very experienced bird owners capable of providing near-constant attention and companionship. Prospective owners must understand that acquiring a Bare-Eyed Cockatoo means committing to decades with a bird that essentially functions as a permanently needy toddler requiring hours of daily attention.

When properly socialized, hand-raised, and bonded, Bare-Eyed Cockatoos can be extraordinarily affectionate, loving companions that actively seek and crave constant physical contact with their owners. They genuinely love being cuddled, held, petted all over their bodies, and carried around by their favorite people. Many individuals want to be touching their owners constantly, sitting on shoulders, snuggling against necks, or being cradled like babies. They respond to affection with soft vocalizations, relaxed body language, eye pinning indicating pleasure, and grinding their beaks contentedly. Some Bare-Eyed Cockatoos will literally throw tantrums including screaming and self-destructive behaviors if they don't receive adequate physical affection and attention throughout the day.

However, the bonding and affection characteristics of Bare-Eyed Cockatoos create some of the most significant challenges in parrot ownership. These birds very frequently develop extreme one-person bonds, showing intense, obsessive devotion to a single individual while being indifferent, fearful, or aggressively hostile toward everyone else including other family members. This one-person bonding can destroy household harmony when the bird attacks partners, children, or visitors perceived as threats or competition for their chosen person's attention. Jealousy is intense and common, with bonded birds often becoming aggressive guardians of their favorite person. Managing these possessive, obsessive behaviors requires extraordinary effort through extensive early socialization, ensuring the bird bonds with multiple people, and maintaining consistent interactions from various family members throughout the bird's entire life.

Social needs for Bare-Eyed Cockatoos are extreme and among the highest of any companion bird species. These birds require many hours—ideally most of their waking hours—of direct, quality interaction, companionship, physical contact, and inclusion in every aspect of family activities daily without exception. They are profoundly social flock animals that experience genuine psychological trauma when isolated, ignored, or separated from their bonded people. Common and often severe problems in under-socialized or neglected Bare-Eyed Cockatoos include persistent, ear-splitting screaming that can last for hours and becomes utterly unbearable, feather plucking and self-mutilation that can become life-threatening and essentially incurable once established, severe aggression toward owners and others often requiring rehoming, profound depression with associated health decline, and extraordinarily destructive behaviors. Prospective owners must brutally honestly assess whether they can provide the intensive, decades-long commitment these desperately needy parrots require before even considering acquisition.

Interaction style with humans is characteristically intense, playful, physically demanding, and highly engaged. Bare-Eyed Cockatoos are not birds that can entertain themselves or tolerate being left alone in cages for extended periods. They actively demand attention through vocalizations, displaying, and sometimes self-destructive behaviors when ignored. They love interactive games, wrestling gently with hands, exploring everything, and being constantly involved in their owner's activities. Training sessions are typically enthusiastic and productive, as they appreciate mental stimulation and showing off skills. However, Bare-Eyed Cockatoos can also be manipulative, learning quickly that screaming brings attention and potentially training their owners into undesirable response patterns if not handled with extreme consistency.

Noise levels in Bare-Eyed Cockatoos are extreme and represent one of the most significant challenges of ownership. These birds naturally vocalize extremely loudly at dawn and dusk, producing ear-piercing screams and contact calls that can easily exceed 120 decibels—comparable to jet engines or rock concerts at close range. Their vocalizations carry literally for miles, evolved for maintaining contact with flock members across vast Australian landscapes. This dawn and dusk calling is deeply instinctive and absolutely cannot be eliminated. Morning calling typically begins at first light, lasting 30-60 minutes or more as birds greet the day. Evening calling occurs before settling with similar intensity and duration.

Beyond natural calling, many Bare-Eyed Cockatoos develop habits of screaming persistently throughout the day when seeking attention, when their owners leave the room, when they want something, when excited, when bored, or seemingly at random. Some individuals scream essentially constantly when their social needs aren't being met. Their screaming is genuinely painful to nearby human ears, causes hearing damage with prolonged exposure, and can be heard by neighbors hundreds of yards away even through closed doors and windows. Prospective owners must understand these birds are completely and utterly inappropriate for apartments, condominiums, townhouses, or any living situation with shared walls or nearby neighbors. Even in rural properties, their volume can create serious conflicts.

Mood indicators in Bare-Eyed Cockatoos are relatively easy to read once owners learn their bird's signals. A relaxed, content bird displays sleek feathers, slow breathing, soft vocalizations or contented silence, and curious exploration. When seeking affection, they lower their heads, fluff their feathers slightly, and approach with soft chirps. Eye pinning indicates excitement or heightened emotion. Signs of stress, fear, or potential aggression include raised crest, feathers standing up on the body, wings held away from body creating a threatening appearance, lunging motions, hissing, and rapid eye pinning. These warning signs should prompt owners to give space rather than forcing interaction, though establishing boundaries with cockatoos is challenging given their neediness.

Common behavioral quirks include morning greeting routines involving enthusiastic vocalizations and displays, demanding to be included in absolutely everything their owners do including showering, eating, and watching television, throwing food when displeased or seeking attention, hanging upside-down while playing, nibbling and preening their owners' hair and skin as bonding behaviors, and following their favorite person from room to room unable to tolerate separation. Bare-Eyed Cockatoos experience pronounced hormonal periods, particularly during breeding season in spring, when even well-socialized birds may become unpredictably aggressive, possessive, territorial, and even more demanding than usual. During these periods, birds may attack previously accepted people, refuse handling, bite intensely, and become essentially unmanageable.

Talking ability in Bare-Eyed Cockatoos is moderate, with many individuals learning vocabularies of 20-50 words and phrases, though some develop more extensive vocabularies with dedicated training. Their voice quality is somewhat nasal and loud but generally understandable. They excel more at mimicking environmental sounds, whistles, and household noises than extensive speech. Some individuals become decent talkers while others focus primarily on their natural vocalizations. What they lack in talking ability they compensate for with extreme physical affection and entertaining, playful personalities. However, even their attempts at speech are delivered at high volume.

Activity patterns follow diurnal cycles with pronounced peaks at dawn and dusk when vocalizations and activity reach maximum intensity. Early morning hours see explosive energy and vocalization. Evening hours bring another surge before settling. Mid-day periods may be somewhat calmer with preening and quieter play, though many individuals remain demanding throughout the day. Maintaining consistent sleep schedules of 10-12 hours of darkness nightly is essential for preventing hormonal imbalances that exacerbate already extreme behavioral challenges. These parrots are highly sensitive to photoperiod, and irregular lighting can trigger breeding behaviors, increased aggression, and worsened neediness. The combination of extreme affection needs, high intelligence, susceptibility to severe behavioral problems, and deafening vocalizations makes the Bare-Eyed Cockatoo one of the most challenging yet rewarding companion parrots, suitable only for the most experienced, dedicated, and prepared bird owners.

Providing appropriate housing for a Bare-Eyed Cockatoo requires careful consideration of their active, energetic, destructive nature and need for substantial space. While smaller than larger cockatoo species like Umbrellas or Moluccans, these birds are still medium-sized parrots requiring spacious accommodations. The absolute minimum cage size for a single Bare-Eyed Cockatoo is 30 inches wide by 24 inches deep by 36 inches tall, though this represents a bare minimum that should only be considered if the bird receives many hours of daily out-of-cage time. Cages measuring 36-48 inches in width or more are strongly preferred and significantly improve the bird's quality of life by allowing better exercise, wing spreading, and multiple activity zones.

For these powerful, destructive birds, only the highest quality powder-coated wrought iron or stainless steel cages are appropriate. Bare-Eyed Cockatoos possess tremendously strong beaks capable of bending bars, destroying welds, and breaking inferior cage construction. Avoid galvanized cages or zinc-containing hardware, as these metals are toxic and can cause fatal heavy metal poisoning that cockatoos are particularly prone to given their destructive chewing. The cage should feature predominantly horizontal bars facilitating climbing, as cockatoos are arboreal and constantly climb rather than flying exclusively.

Bar spacing is critical for safety. Bars should be spaced 3/4 to 1 inch apart, providing adequate spacing while preventing head entrapment or escape. All cage doors must feature extremely secure, cockatoo-proof locks, as these intelligent birds are notorious escape artists frequently learning to manipulate locks, latches, bolts, and fasteners. Many experienced owners use commercial padlocks, combination locks, or carabiner clips on every cage opening. The cage should include large access doors for easy bird removal and thorough cleaning.

Cage location significantly impacts the bird's wellbeing. Position the cage in the room where family spends most time, as Bare-Eyed Cockatoos are profoundly social and demand constant inclusion in household activities. However, their extreme noise levels may make certain room locations impossible. Never place cages in kitchens due to toxic cooking fumes. The cage should be against a solid wall providing security while allowing good visibility. Ensure protection from direct intense sunlight while providing natural light. Keep away from drafty locations and maintain temperatures between 65-80°F. The cage should be positioned so highest perches are at or slightly below human eye level.

Perch variety is essential for foot health. Provide at least 4-6 sturdy perches of varying diameters from 3/4 to 1.5 inches thick. Natural branches from bird-safe trees like manzanita, java wood, or apple wood are ideal, offering varied diameters and chewing opportunities. These perches must be extraordinarily sturdy, as cockatoos will destroy inadequate perches. Position perches at different heights creating activity zones. Place one sturdy perch near cage top for sleeping. Avoid placing perches over food or water dishes. Include rope perches if the bird doesn't excessively chew them.

Toy requirements for Bare-Eyed Cockatoos are extensive and expensive. These enormously intelligent, energetic, destructive birds need constant mental stimulation and appropriate outlets for their powerful beaks. Provide only heavy-duty toys designed for cockatoos including massive hardwood blocks and branches, extra-large rope toys, enormous puzzle toys and foraging devices, acrylic toys providing different textures, heavy-duty swings rated for their weight, and large shreddable items like cardboard boxes and paper. Budget for extensive ongoing toy expenses, as Bare-Eyed Cockatoos can destroy even heavy-duty toys in hours or days. They need toys they can demolish to satisfy natural destructive urges.

Out-of-cage time is absolutely essential, with minimum 4-5 hours daily required, though many behaviorists recommend these birds spend most waking hours outside cages in supervised areas. During out-of-cage time, birds need access to large, bird-proofed spaces where they can fly, climb, play, and interact with family. Many owners dedicate rooms as bird rooms or provide access to multiple rooms. Set up multiple play stands, climbing structures, and activity areas.

Safety hazards include toxic plants, ceiling fans, open windows, other pets, hot surfaces, standing water, electrical cords their powerful beaks can sever, small ingestible objects, toxic metals, household chemicals, and reflective surfaces. Bare-Eyed Cockatoos can cause substantial damage to furniture, woodwork, and household items during unsupervised time. Constant supervision is essential.

Enrichment strategies should engage their high intelligence through extensive foraging opportunities, fresh branches for destruction, complex puzzles, and varied activities. Many Bare-Eyed Cockatoos enjoy showers with their owners, music, and interactive games. Temperature should be 65-80°F with 40-60% humidity. Provide bathing through misting, showers, or shallow pools. Lighting requires 10-12 hours of light with full-spectrum UVB bulbs, followed by 12-14 hours of complete darkness.

Cockatoo dust management requires HEPA air filtration, regular vacuuming, and adequate ventilation. Some owners develop allergies to cockatoo dust requiring rehoming. Given their immense neediness, extreme noise levels, destructive power, and susceptibility to behavioral problems, Bare-Eyed Cockatoo housing represents significant challenges suitable only for experienced owners with appropriate facilities, substantial financial resources, and genuine long-term commitment to providing near-constant attention and companionship.

Proper nutrition for Bare-Eyed Cockatoos is fundamental to maintaining physical health, supporting immune function, and potentially reducing the risk of behavioral problems that plague this species. In their native Australian habitats, Bare-Eyed Cockatoos are opportunistic feeders consuming diverse plant materials including native grass seeds, seeds from eucalyptus and acacia trees, agricultural grains particularly wheat and other cereals which they exploit extensively in farming areas, roots and corms which they dig up with their powerful beaks, fruits and berries, flowers and nectar from various plant species, fresh shoots and buds, and insects and insect larvae particularly during breeding season when protein demands increase. Their natural diet is varied, relatively low in fat, and requires extensive foraging effort that burns calories while providing essential mental stimulation.

Translating this natural diet into appropriate captive nutrition requires careful balance to provide adequate nutrition while preventing obesity and ensuring psychological wellbeing through foraging opportunities. The foundation of a captive Bare-Eyed Cockatoo's diet should consist of high-quality pellets specifically formulated for cockatoos or medium parrots, comprising approximately 60-70% of daily food intake. These scientifically formulated pellets provide balanced nutrition with essential vitamins, minerals, and amino acids. Choose premium pellet brands without artificial colors, flavors, or excessive additives, preferably from manufacturers like Harrison's, Roudybush, TOP's, or similar brands recommended by avian veterinarians.

The seeds versus pellets debate is particularly important for cockatoos, as all-seed diets have been conclusively linked to nutritional deficiencies, obesity, fatty liver disease, and shortened lifespans. Seeds should comprise no more than 10-15% of the diet, serving primarily as training treats or foraging enrichment. If offering seed mix, choose high-quality blends designed for medium parrots with limited high-fat seeds. Appropriate seeds include safflower seeds, limited sunflower seeds, millet, and various small grass seeds. Avoid mixes dominated by sunflower seeds or peanuts, as these are extremely high in fat.

Fresh vegetables should comprise 20-25% of daily diet and must be offered every day. Vegetables provide essential vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and fiber. Excellent choices include dark leafy greens like kale, collard greens, mustard greens, and dandelion greens providing calcium and vitamin A, orange and red vegetables like carrots, sweet potato, red bell peppers, and butternut squash rich in beta-carotene, cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cauliflower, bell peppers of all colors, green beans, snap peas, zucchini, and limited corn as treats. Chop vegetables into appropriate sizes or offer whole for foraging.

Fruits can be offered several times weekly but should be limited to 5-10% of diet due to high sugar content. Appropriate fruits include apples without seeds, berries, pomegranate, grapes, melons, papaya, and mango. Consider fruits as treats or training rewards rather than dietary staples.

Nuts can be offered as occasional treats but should be strictly limited due to high fat content. Appropriate nuts in very small quantities include almonds, walnuts, and pine nuts. Use small pieces as high-value training rewards rather than offering whole nuts freely.

Foods to avoid are critical knowledge. Never feed avocado in any form—it is highly toxic and potentially fatal. Chocolate and caffeine are extremely dangerous. Alcohol is absolutely prohibited. Onions, garlic, and other allium family members cause blood disorders. High-salt, high-sugar, and high-fat processed foods should be avoided. Raw or dried beans contain toxins unless thoroughly cooked. Apple seeds, cherry pits, and fruit pits contain cyanide compounds. Many common houseplants are toxic.

Treats and supplements should be used strategically. Most Bare-Eyed Cockatoos eating balanced pellet-based diets with adequate vegetables do not require vitamin supplementation. Over-supplementation can be harmful, particularly with fat-soluble vitamins. However, birds on inadequate diets or those with documented deficiencies may benefit from targeted supplementation under veterinary guidance.

Calcium and mineral needs are important, particularly for breeding females. Provide cuttlebone or mineral blocks permanently in the cage. Calcium-rich foods like dark leafy greens contribute to adequate levels. Ensure proper vitamin D through full-spectrum UVB lighting, as vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption. Avoid excessive high-oxalate foods that bind calcium.

Water requirements are straightforward but critical. Provide fresh, clean water daily in sturdy bowls. Change water at least once daily, more often if soiled. Ensure water bowls are thoroughly cleaned daily to prevent biofilm and bacterial accumulation.

Foraging opportunities should be extensively incorporated into feeding routines, providing essential mental stimulation that may help prevent behavioral problems. Hide food in puzzle feeders designed for cockatoos, wrap treats in paper or cardboard for unwrapping, scatter food throughout play areas encouraging ground foraging mimicking natural digging behaviors, stuff treats into destructible cardboard boxes or paper bags, use foraging wheels and specialized toys, and create complex challenges requiring problem-solving. These activities satisfy natural behaviors, prevent boredom, and transform eating into extended enrichment occupying these intelligent birds for hours. Given cockatoos' susceptibility to behavioral problems from inadequate mental stimulation, extensive foraging opportunities are not optional luxuries but essential components of proper care.

Weight monitoring is essential. Weigh birds weekly on accurate scales, recording weights to track trends. Healthy adult Bare-Eyed Cockatoos typically weigh 370-630 grams, though individual variation exists. Work with your avian veterinarian to establish ideal weight ranges for your individual bird and adjust diet and exercise accordingly. Maintaining appropriate weight through proper diet and extensive exercise is critical for longevity and health.

Bare-Eyed Cockatoos are generally hardy birds capable of living 40 to 60 years in captivity with proper care, with some individuals documented living into their 60s or even 70s with exceptional care and favorable genetics. Their impressive longevity means these birds represent truly lifetime commitments with substantial accumulated healthcare costs over their decades-long lives. Like all parrot species, Bare-Eyed Cockatoos are susceptible to various health conditions, many preventable through appropriate husbandry, specialized nutrition, environmental management, and expert veterinary care. Additionally, cockatoo species are particularly prone to certain behavioral problems that manifest as health issues, making psychological wellbeing equally important as physical health for this species. Respiratory infections can affect Bare-Eyed Cockatoos, particularly those housed in environments with inadequate ventilation, exposure to tobacco smoke, aerosol products, scented candles, or cooking fumes from non-stick cookware containing PTFE/Teflon which is instantly fatal even in minute quantities. Clinical signs include nasal discharge, sneezing, labored breathing, tail bobbing, changes in vocalizations, and lethargy. Psittacosis, caused by Chlamydia psittaci, is a serious zoonotic bacterial infection affecting parrots and transmitting to humans, requiring immediate veterinary attention and antibiotic therapy. Aspergillosis, a potentially fatal fungal infection, can develop in birds exposed to moldy food or environments with poor air quality, causing chronic breathing difficulties and potentially systemic infection requiring aggressive antifungal treatment.

Regular veterinary checkups with an avian veterinarian experienced with cockatoos are absolutely essential, with annual wellness examinations recommended for healthy adults and more frequent visits for young, elderly, or health-compromised individuals. These examinations include physical assessment, weight monitoring, beak and nail evaluation, discussion of diet and behavior, and may include blood work, radiographs, or other diagnostics. Given cockatoos' susceptibility to behavioral problems manifesting as health issues, veterinarians should assess psychological wellbeing alongside physical health. Proper diet and nutrition are critical for preventing health problems. A balanced diet consisting primarily of high-quality pellets formulated for cockatoos, supplemented with abundant fresh vegetables, limited fruits, and minimal seeds provides essential nutrients. Avoid seed-based diets contributing to nutritional deficiencies and obesity. Environmental enrichment through extensive toys, foraging opportunities, social interaction, and mental challenges prevents stress-related problems. Cage cleanliness prevents bacterial and fungal infections. UV lighting enables vitamin D3 synthesis supporting calcium absorption and immune function. With diligent preventive care, appropriate nutrition, regular veterinary attention, extensive daily attention preventing behavioral problems, and decades-long commitment to their complex needs, Bare-Eyed Cockatoos can enjoy long, healthy lives as devoted, if demanding, companion parrots.

Training a Bare-Eyed Cockatoo is both essential and challenging, requiring patience, consistency, understanding of cockatoo psychology, and unwavering commitment to positive reinforcement methods. These intelligent, sensitive, manipulative birds are highly trainable when properly motivated but can also be stubborn, emotionally volatile, and prone to training their owners into undesirable behavior patterns if not handled with extreme consistency. Success requires recognizing you are training an emotionally complex, profoundly needy individual capable of genuine psychological distress, not simply teaching tricks to a pet. Starting training early with young, hand-raised birds yields optimal results, though even older cockatoos can learn new behaviors with appropriate techniques and realistic expectations.

The foundation of all effective training must be built exclusively on trust and positive reinforcement, never punishment, force, or coercion. Bare-Eyed Cockatoos respond enthusiastically to food rewards, verbal praise, and physical affection, but they become fearful, aggressive, or develop serious psychological problems when punished, yelled at, sprayed with water, or handled roughly. Never use aversive methods, as these destroy trust, damage the essential bond, and often trigger or worsen behavioral problems including feather plucking and aggression. Instead, reward desired behaviors immediately using high-value treats like nuts, favorite fruits, or preferred foods. Timing is critical—rewards must occur within 1-2 seconds.

Basic training begins with the step-up command, the most fundamental skill. Place your hand at mid-chest level while saying 'step up' consistently. Gently press against the lower chest to encourage stepping forward. Reward immediately with praise and treats. Practice multiple times daily in brief sessions until reliable. Establishing solid step-up response provides foundation for all future training and safe handling.

Trick training possibilities are extensive, as these intelligent birds enjoy learning and showing off. Popular tricks include waving, turning in circles, retrieving objects, playing basketball, spreading wings for health inspections, allowing nail trimming through desensitization, and countless creative behaviors. Break complex tricks into small steps, rewarding incremental progress. Keep sessions 10-15 minutes to maintain interest, always ending positively.

Bare-Eyed Cockatoos can be stubborn during training, sometimes refusing if unmotivated. This reflects their intelligent nature. Don't force cooperation or become frustrated. Try again later when more receptive. Understanding mood variations helps maintain realistic expectations.

Talking ability in Bare-Eyed Cockatoos is moderate, with many learning 20-50 words and phrases. Their voice quality is nasal and loud but generally understandable. They excel more at mimicking sounds, whistles, and environmental noises than extensive speech. What they lack in talking they compensate for with extreme physical affection and playful personalities. Even their limited talking is delivered at very high volume.

Noise levels throughout the day are extreme and represent one of the most significant challenges. These birds engage in natural, instinctive contact calling at dawn and dusk, producing ear-splitting screams easily exceeding 120 decibels. This calling is deeply instinctive and cannot be eliminated. Morning calling begins at first light, lasting 30-60+ minutes. Evening calling occurs before settling with similar intensity.

Beyond natural calling, many Bare-Eyed Cockatoos develop habits of screaming persistently when seeking attention, when owners leave rooms, when wanting something, when excited, or when bored. Some scream essentially constantly when social needs aren't met. Training can help reduce excessive attention-seeking screaming, but this requires extreme consistency and patience. The key principle is completely ignoring screaming while immediately rewarding quiet behavior or acceptable vocalizations. However, this is extraordinarily difficult with cockatoos, as their screaming is so intense and persistent that most owners eventually respond, inadvertently reinforcing the behavior.

Socialization importance cannot be overstated. Bare-Eyed Cockatoos commonly develop extreme one-person bonds and become aggressive toward others if not extensively socialized. From the earliest age, deliberately expose birds to various family members, having different people offer treats, perform training, and provide affection. This extensive socialization may help reduce but often cannot eliminate one-person bonding tendencies inherent to cockatoo psychology.

Bonding techniques should respect their intense need for affection while establishing necessary boundaries. These birds bond through physical contact, interaction, and constant inclusion in activities. Spend extensive time with your bird daily, provide physical affection they crave, include them in household routines, but also teach them to tolerate brief periods alone through gradual desensitization. However, cockatoos' tolerance for solitude is extremely limited compared to other parrots.

Behavioral challenges in Bare-Eyed Cockatoos are severe and common. Screaming beyond natural calling can become utterly unbearable. Feather plucking develops with alarming frequency and is often permanent once established. Aggression toward non-favored people creates household conflicts. Extreme neediness makes normal lifestyle impossible. Positive reinforcement methods remain essential, but prospective owners must understand that even perfect care cannot guarantee prevention of behavioral problems in cockatoos. These are inherently challenging birds prone to psychological issues in captivity regardless of owner dedication.

Bare-Eyed Cockatoos are absolutely not recommended as family pets for households with young children due to their powerful beaks, unpredictable mood swings, extreme noise levels, intense neediness, and high likelihood of developing serious behavioral problems including aggression. These medium-sized parrots possess strong beaks capable of inflicting serious, painful bites that easily break skin, cause deep lacerations requiring medical attention, and can potentially cause permanent scarring. Even normally affectionate, gentle cockatoos may bite without warning during hormonal periods, when startled, when jealous, or when their complex emotional needs aren't being met. Children's quick movements, loud voices, unpredictable behavior, and inability to read subtle bird body language can easily trigger defensive or aggressive responses.

Additionally, the extreme noise levels these birds produce—ear-splitting screams exceeding 120 decibels at dawn and dusk plus persistent screaming throughout the day—are genuinely frightening, overwhelming, and potentially hearing-damaging for children. The birds' intense neediness means they often become jealous of children, perceiving them as competition for their favorite person's attention, leading to aggressive attacks. The likelihood of developing severe behavioral problems including feather plucking and chronic screaming means children will witness and be affected by the bird's psychological distress.

Age recommendations suggest children under sixteen years old should have extremely limited interaction with Bare-Eyed Cockatoos, only under constant adult supervision for brief observations. Even older teenagers should only have supervised interaction if demonstrating exceptional maturity. Adults must maintain ultimate responsibility for all aspects of care, handling, and safety. These birds typically live 40-60+ years, meaning a bird acquired when children are young will outlive the children's presence in the household by decades.

Supervision requirements must be absolute and constant. Never leave children alone in rooms with these birds even if caged. Children must learn strict rules: never approach without permission, always move slowly and quietly, never tap on cages or poke through bars, never attempt to touch the bird, and immediately report unusual observations. Explain that cockatoos have powerful beaks and unpredictable emotions.

Interactions with other household pets require extreme caution. Bare-Eyed Cockatoos are prey animals, and even well-trained dogs or cats can injure or kill them. Cats pose particular dangers, as their saliva contains bacteria causing fatal infections even from minor scratches. Therefore, cockatoos should never be in rooms with cats during out-of-cage time, and cats should have no access to bird rooms.

Dogs vary tremendously in reliability. Terriers, hounds, and hunting breeds pose significant dangers. Even gentle dogs require careful management and constant supervision. Conversely, Bare-Eyed Cockatoos can be aggressive toward pets, particularly during hormonal periods or when jealous. Their powerful beaks can inflict injuries on curious dogs or cats.

Introductions between Bare-Eyed Cockatoos and other bird species are generally not recommended. Cockatoos can be aggressive, territorial, and jealous, potentially attacking other birds. They should never share cages with other species. Some cockatoos become obsessed with other birds, screaming constantly or attempting to attack them, creating stress for all animals.

Safety precautions require constant vigilance. Install extremely secure locks. Keep birds in rooms where other pets cannot access. Never allow out-of-cage time when other pets are present. Establish strict household rules enforced without exception.

Prospective owners must honestly evaluate whether a Bare-Eyed Cockatoo is appropriate for their household. These demanding, potentially dangerous, extremely loud, emotionally needy birds are genuinely best suited for experienced owners in quiet, controlled environments without young children or other pets where they can receive near-constant attention. The bird's welfare, safety of household members, and realistic assessment of the substantial likelihood of severe behavioral problems must take priority over desire to own a cuddly cockatoo. If you cannot provide decades of near-constant attention, tolerate extreme noise levels, manage potential aggression, and cope with possible feather plucking or other behavioral problems, Bare-Eyed Cockatoos are absolutely not the right choice.